Transcriptomic analysis whole blood single innate immune cells for analysis of of Tdap-IPV immune responses

Control of pertussis depends on primary vaccination of infants in combination with booster vaccination of children, adults, and recently also pregnant women. Tetanus-diptheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccines are frequently given in many countries and can be formulated with inactivated poliovirus (Tdap-IPV). Although Tdap-IPV provides clinical protection, pertussis antibody levels decay shortly after vaccination. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of immunogenicity of aP-containing combination vaccines, which may explain the longevity of the antibody response to vaccination. In order to identify immune signatures that are induced by Tdap-IPV vaccination and which may be associated with humoral responses, we analyzed changes in gene expression. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed on innate immune cells isolated from red blood cell-lysed fresh whole blood collected at baseline (Day 0) and one day (Day 1) post-vaccination from children (11-15 years old, n = 7, Netherlands cohort) who received a dose of Tdap-IPV. CD14+ CD16± monocytes, CD14- CD16+ monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and neutrophils were single-cell sorted with flow cytometry into 384-well plates for library preparation and sequencing. Samples were processed in two batches.