Summary of the effect of pikas on quantifiable response variables.

Compared are livestock exclosure experiments with and without pika reduction, 2009–2013, Village Five, Gouli Township, Dulan County, Qinghai Province, China. Positive responses (indicated by +) symbols represent significantly positive (P < 0.025) effects of pika presence on the variable; negative (-) symbols represent significantly negative effects of pika presence on the variable. Thus as illustrated in this table, responses are the reverse of those presented in the text, which describe mixed-effect models testing effects of pika reduction. Table cells are blank where no significant effect was found. Pikas were reduced in experiments denoted by italic font; pikas were uncontrolled in experiments denoted by bold font.
Summary of the effect of pikas on quantifiable response variables.