Supplementary information on characterization of red-pigmented yeasts and genes associated with astaxanthin synthesis

Figure S1 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram of extracted astaxanthin (EAX), non-spiked and spiked with 10 ppm of astaxanthin (AX) standard from R. mucilaginosa HL26-1 (a) and R. paludigena LL69-1 (b).Figure S2 Phylogenetic trees of R. mucilaginosa HL26-1, R. paludigena LL69-1, and related yeasts based on neighbor-joining with the Kimura-2-parameter method analysis of D1/D2 26S rDNA sequences generated by MEGA11 software. Bootstrap values equal to or greater than 50%, determined from 1000 replicates, are shown next to the branches. The bar represents 0.02 changes per nucleotide position.Figure S3 Pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of R. mucilaginosa HL26-1, R. paludigena LL69-1, and other Rhodotorula genomes. Genomes labeled with the superscript "T" are type strains.Table S1. Sample sources, location, isolate number, closest species, 26S rRNA gene similarity (%) and identity of strains.Table S2. Carbon assimilation of 3 R. mucilaginosa strains and 9 R. paludigena strains