Generalized linear mixed models of the variation of abundance in phlebotomine emergence (a) at the plot level and (b and c) at the quadrant level.

The variables used in the model were environments (chicken shed and below house), number of chickens, distance to the forest edge, cycle (cycle 1, cycle 2, cycle 3, and cycle 4) and farm factor, which was included as random factor. Significance: p<0.05*. Model: Abundance of emergent ~ environment: number of chickens + distance to the forest edge + cycle + random effect farm.