Data from: Phylogenomics of superrosids and core rosids based on nuclear sequences and synteny

Superrosids form one of the largest clades of angiosperms, including 18
orders (Vitales, Saxifragales and core rosids) which exhibits remarkable
morphological and ecological diversity. However, phylogenetic
relationships within superrosids remain unclear. To resolve the phylogeny
of superrosids, we screened 122 single copy nuclear genes from 37 species,
representing all 18 orders. Vitales was revealed as sister to all other
superrosids. Within core rosids, the fabids should be restricted only to
the nitrogen-fixing clade, while Picramniales, the CM clade, Huerteales,
Oxalidales, Sapindales, Malvales and Brassicales composed an “expanded”
malvids. The COM clade (sensu APG IV) did not form a monophyletic group.
Crossosomatales, Geraniales, Myrtales and Zygophyllales did not belong to
either malvids or fabids. The difficult phylogeny of superrosids is likely
due to the combined effects of ancient reticulation and incomplete lineage
sorting. To provide broader genomic representation of Saxifragales, we
constructed a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for Tiarella
polyphylla (Saxifragaceae). Whole genome microsynteny analysis of
superrosids showed that Saxifragales shared more synteny clusters with
core rosids than Vitales, which also indicated that Saxifragales has a
closer relationship with core rosids. Our findings contribute to a better
understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms.