FLS25

This report describes the results of an annual nationwide survey on flooding in the United States. The 2025 Flooding and Society Spanish Survey (FLS25) was designed by the Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (IPPRA) at the University of Oklahoma. While it is the first time the survey has been translated into Spanish, an English-language version of the survey was first fielded in 2024 (see Bitterman et al. 2025 for information on FL24). FLS25 was fielded July 7 - July 31, 2025, using an online questionnaire that was completed by 375 U.S. adults (age 18+) who were recruited from an Internet panel that matches the characteristics of the U.S. population as estimated in the U.S. Census. Following the format of IPPRA’s other surveys, the FLS25 survey gathered data on baseline measures of the extent to which U.S. adults receive, understand, and respond to flood forecasts and warnings, while also asking questions that address different types of flooding (including coastal and flash flooding). Other questions specific to FLS25 evaluated the understanding and use of the atmospheric river scale and perceptions of the use of different color scales in outlook graphics. Funding for survey design and data analysis was provided by NOAA’s Weather Program Office.