Indian River Lagoon 2021-2025 Manatee Distribution Survey Flight Path
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Aerial distribution surveys are used by marine mammal biologists from FWC and other agencies to determine the seasonal distribution of manatees. Most surveys are conducted from small, four-seat, high-winged airplanes (Cessna 172 or 182) flying at a height of 500-1000 ft at a speed of 70-90 kts. This survey was conducted by three aircraft mostly following historical flight paths used for past county-wide distribution surveys. However, some changes have been made to shorten the flight route or to cover areas not flown in previous paths. Flight paths curved parallel to the shoreline, and the airplane circled when manatees were spotted until a count of the number of animals in each group was obtained. Sightings data were recorded on paper maps and entered into a GIS shapefile for spatial analysis using NAIP 2019 imagery and recorded flight paths as a reference. GIS is a computer software system for representing data spatially and for conducting spatial analyses. This dataset includes recorded flight paths from 22 surveys flown on the following dates: 21 Oct 2021; 16 Dec 2021; 14 Jan 2022; 20 and 21 Feb 2022; 20 and 21 March 2022; 23 May 2022; 09 and 12 Aug 2022; 16 and 17 Oct 2022; 9, 10, and 11 Dec 2022; 20 Jan 2023; 13 and 14 Feb 2023; 22, 23, and 24 March 2023; 9 and 10 May 2023; 21 and 22 August 2023; 9, 10, and 14 October 2023; 19 and 20 December 2023; 10 and 11 January 2024; 14 and 22 February 2024; 12 March 2024; 23 and 24 May 2024; 20 and 23 August 2024; 15 and 16 May 2025. For surveys that were conducted on multiple dates, the last date is recorded in the SurveyDate field. Flight path records were obtained from GPS devices or downloaded from FlightAware or ForeFlight where GPS data were not available. For the 16 Dec 2021 survey, only the lower resolution flight path data from FlightAware were available for the southern survey area. For the 23 March 2023 survey, only the lower resolution flight path data from FlightAware were available for the northern survey area. For the 19 Dec 2023 survey, only the lower resolution flight path data from Flight Aware was available for a portion of the southern survey area. Tracklines are edited to remove transit and off-effort tracks. FWC and Mote Marine Laboratory staff members were primary observers for these flights, and dual observers (two observers, one in the front seat and one in the rear seat) were present on some or all of the survey flights. The survey area includes the Indian River Lagoon from the Jupiter Inlet to A1A in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
来自佛罗里达鱼类与野生动物保护委员会(Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, FWC)及其他机构的海洋哺乳动物生物学家,会借助航空分布调查来确定海牛的季节性分布范围。绝大多数调查使用四座小型上单翼飞机(赛斯纳172或182,Cessna 172 or 182)开展,飞行高度设置为500至1000英尺,航速维持在70至90节。本次调查共启用三架飞机,基本沿用既往全县范围分布调查的历史飞行航线,但也做出了部分调整,以缩短航程或覆盖既往航线未涉及的区域。飞行航线与海岸线平行弯曲,当观测到海牛时,飞机将盘旋直至完成对每一群动物的个体数量统计。 观测数据最初记录于纸质地图,随后被录入地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)的形状文件(shapefile)中,以2019年美国国家农业影像计划(National Agriculture Imagery Program, NAIP)影像与记录的飞行航线作为参考,开展空间分析。地理信息系统(GIS)是一类用于空间化呈现数据并执行空间分析的计算机软件系统。 本数据集包含22次调查的记录飞行航线,对应调查日期如下:2021年10月21日;2021年12月16日;2022年1月14日;2022年2月20日、21日;2022年3月20日、21日;2022年5月23日;2022年8月9日、12日;2022年10月16日、17日;2022年12月9日、10日、11日;2023年1月20日;2023年2月13日、14日;2023年3月22日、23日、24日;2023年5月9日、10日;2023年8月21日、22日;2023年10月9日、10日、14日;2023年12月19日、20日;2024年1月10日、11日;2024年2月14日、22日;2024年3月12日;2024年5月23日、24日;2024年8月20日、23日;2025年5月15日、16日。对于多日期开展的调查,SurveyDate字段将记录最后一次调查的日期。 飞行航线记录可通过GPS设备获取,若GPS数据不可用,则从FlightAware与ForeFlight平台下载。其中,2021年12月16日的调查,仅能获取南部调查区域的低分辨率FlightAware飞行航线数据;2023年3月23日的调查,仅能获取北部调查区域的低分辨率FlightAware飞行航线数据;2023年12月19日的调查,仅能获取南部调查区域部分路段的低分辨率FlightAware飞行航线数据。航线数据会经过编辑处理,移除转场航段与非作业航段。 本次飞行的主要观测员为FWC与莫特海洋实验室(Mote Marine Laboratory)的工作人员,部分或全部调查航班配备双观测员,即前座与后座各一名观测人员。本调查的区域涵盖佛罗里达州新士麦那海滩A1A公路至朱庇特因莱特之间的印第安河泻湖(Indian River Lagoon)。



