高原湿地植物的空间遗传结构：海拔驱动的地理隔离和环境异质性的影响

高原是研究生态因素对自然物种多样性和空间格局影响的理想区域，海拔驱动的物理和环境隔离显著影响植物的进化。青藏高原拥有丰富的水生生物多样性，然而环境如何影响亲水植物的遗传变异和结构尚不清楚。我们量化了Stuckenia filiformis在青藏高原上的遗传多样性和空间遗传格局，评估了地理、气候和局部条件对种内和种间变异的相对贡献。结果表明，该植物种群内的遗传变异中等至高，未受高海拔环境限制,地形隔离主要影响S.filiformis的遗传结构。景观遗传分析还显示，环境变量显著影响这种淡水物种的空间遗传格局。偶见的远距离传播、有性繁殖和一年生可能对这种变异的维持和分布起重要作用，地理和海拔驱动的环境异质性共同影响高原水生生物的进化。

Plateaus are ideal regions for investigating the impacts of ecological factors on natural species diversity and spatial patterns. Elevation-driven physical and environmental isolation significantly affects plant evolution. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau boasts rich aquatic biodiversity, yet how environmental factors shape genetic variation and structure of hydrophilic plants remains unclear. We quantified the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of Stuckenia filiformis across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and assessed the relative contributions of geographic, climatic and local conditions to intraspecific and interspecific variation. The results indicate that genetic variation within populations of this species is moderate to high, and is not constrained by high-altitude environments; topographic isolation primarily influences the genetic structure of S. filiformis. Landscape genetic analysis further reveals that environmental variables significantly shape the spatial genetic patterns of this freshwater species. Occasional long-distance dispersal, sexual reproduction and its annual life cycle may play critical roles in maintaining this variation and determining its distribution. Geographically and elevation-driven environmental heterogeneity jointly influences the evolution of aquatic organisms on plateaus.