NDBC Standard Meteorological Buoy Data, 1970-present

The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) distributes meteorological data from
moored buoys maintained by NDBC and others. Moored buoys are the weather
sentinels of the sea. They are deployed in the coastal and offshore waters
from the western Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii, and from the
Bering Sea to the South Pacific. NDBC's moored buoys measure and transmit
barometric pressure; wind direction, speed, and gust; air and sea
temperature; and wave energy spectra from which significant wave height,
dominant wave period, and average wave period are derived. Even the
direction of wave propagation is measured on many moored buoys. See
https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/measdes.shtml for a description of the measurements.

The source data from NOAA NDBC has different column names, different units,
and different missing values in different files, and other problems
(notably, lots of rows with duplicate or different values for the same time
point). This dataset is a standardized, reformatted, and lightly edited
version of that source data, created by NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD (email:
erd.data at noaa.gov). Before 2020-01-29, this dataset only had the data
that was closest to a given hour, rounded to the nearest hour. Now, this
dataset has all of the data available from NDBC with the original time
values. If there are multiple source rows for a given buoy for a given
time, only the row with the most non-NaN data values is kept. If there is
a gap in the data, a row of missing values is inserted (which causes a nice
gap when the data is graphed). Also, some impossible data values are
removed, but this data is not perfectly clean. This dataset is now updated
every 5 minutes.

This dataset has both historical data (quality controlled, before
2023-12-01T00:00:00Z) and near real time data (less quality controlled,
which may change at any time, from 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z on).
cdm_data_type=TimeSeries
cdm_timeseries_variables=station, longitude, latitude
contributor_name=NOAA NDBC
contributor_role=Source of data.
Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.2
Easternmost_Easting=179.001
featureType=TimeSeries
geospatial_lat_max=71.758
geospatial_lat_min=-55.0
geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north
geospatial_lon_max=179.001
geospatial_lon_min=-177.75
geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east
geospatial_vertical_positive=down
geospatial_vertical_units=m
history=Around the 25th of each month, [e-mail] downloads the latest yearly and monthly historical .txt.gz files from https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/historical/stdmet/ and generates one historical .nc file for each station. [e-mail] also downloads all of the 45day near real time .txt files from https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/realtime2/ and generates one near real time .nc file for each station.
Every 5 minutes, [e-mail] downloads the list of latest data from all stations for the last 2 hours from https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/latest_obs/latest_obs.txt and updates the near real time .nc files.
id=cwwcNDBCMet
infoUrl=https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
institution=NOAA NDBC, NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD
keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords
naming_authority=gov.noaa.pfeg.coastwatch
Northernmost_Northing=71.758
project=NOAA NDBC and NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD
quality=Automated QC checks with periodic manual QC
source=station observation
sourceUrl=https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
Southernmost_Northing=-55.0
standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v70
subsetVariables=station, longitude, latitude
testOutOfDate=now-25minutes
time_coverage_end=2024-12-05T17:15:00Z
time_coverage_start=1970-02-26T20:00:00Z
Westernmost_Easting=-177.75

国家数据浮标中心（National Data Buoy Center, NDBC）发布由NDBC及其他机构维护的系泊浮标所采集的气象数据。系泊浮标是海洋气象监测哨兵，部署于西大西洋至夏威夷周边太平洋海域、白令海至南太平洋的近岸与外海水域。NDBC的系泊浮标可测量并传输气压、风向、风速、阵风、气温与海表温度，以及波浪能谱，由此可推导出有效波高、主波周期与平均波周期；多数系泊浮标还可测量波浪传播方向。有关测量详情可参见 https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/measdes.shtml。

NOAA NDBC的源数据存在多文件列名不统一、单位不一致、缺失值格式各异等问题，还存在大量同一时间点存在重复或数值不一致的行等典型缺陷。本数据集由NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD（邮箱：[e-mail]）对该源数据进行标准化处理、格式重构与轻度编辑而成。2020年1月29日前，本数据集仅保留与给定小时最接近、经四舍五入至整点的数据；目前已收录NDBC提供的全部带原始时间戳的数据。若某浮标在同一时刻存在多条源数据，则保留非空值最多的那一条。若数据存在间隙，则插入缺失值行（绘图时会呈现清晰的间隙）。此外，部分不合理的数值已被移除，但本数据集仍未完全洁净。本数据集每5分钟更新一次。

本数据集包含历史数据（经质量控制，时间范围为2023-12-01T00:00:00Z之前）与近实时数据（未经过严格质量控制，可能随时发生变更，时间范围为2024-01-01T00:00:00Z之后）。
cdm_data_type=TimeSeries
cdm_timeseries_variables=测站、经度、纬度
contributor_name=美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家数据浮标中心（NOAA NDBC）
contributor_role=数据来源
Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.2
Easternmost_Easting=179.001
featureType=TimeSeries
geospatial_lat_max=71.758
geospatial_lat_min=-55.0
geospatial_lat_units=北纬度
geospatial_lon_max=179.001
geospatial_lon_min=-177.75
geospatial_lon_units=东经度
geospatial_vertical_positive=向下
geospatial_vertical_units=米
history=每月25日左右，[e-mail]会从https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/historical/stdmet/ 下载最新的年度与月度历史.txt.gz压缩文件，并为每个测站生成一个历史.nc文件；同时从https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/realtime2/ 下载所有45天近实时.txt文件，为每个测站生成一个近实时.nc文件。每5分钟，[e-mail]会从https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/data/latest_obs/latest_obs.txt 下载所有测站过去2小时的最新数据列表，并更新近实时.nc文件。
id=cwwcNDBCMet
infoUrl=https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
institution=美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家数据浮标中心（NOAA NDBC）、美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家海洋渔业服务局西南渔业科学中心环境研究部门（NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD）
keywords_vocabulary=GCMD科学关键词
naming_authority=gov.noaa.pfeg.coastwatch
Northernmost_Northing=71.758
project=NOAA NDBC和NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD
quality=自动化质量检查结合周期性人工质量控制
source=测站观测
sourceUrl=https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
Southernmost_Northing=-55.0
standard_name_vocabulary=CF标准名称表v70
subsetVariables=测站、经度、纬度
testOutOfDate=当前时间前25分钟
time_coverage_end=2024-12-05T17:15:00Z
time_coverage_start=1970-02-26T20:00:00Z
Westernmost_Easting=-177.75

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了自1970年至今的全球海域气象浮标观测数据，包括气压、风向、风速、气温、海温和波浪能谱等多种气象参数。数据经过标准化处理，分为历史数据和近实时数据，每5分钟更新一次，适用于气象和海洋研究。