Hierarchy systems of the medical field in Mexico: a sociological analysis

Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the main systems of hierarchization in the Mexican medical field (and those of other similar Latin American countries). Drawing on Bourdieu’s genetic structuralism, our hypothesis is that the structure of the medical field is closely correlated with the schemes of perception and appreciation of the medical field’s agents. These schemes are rooted in hierarchical classifications by which work is organized and the main agents’ prestige is allocated. Empirical data include focus groups, interviews and observations in hospitals, as well as images, memes and other graphic displays found in Facebook and other public internet locations. The analysis sought to identify the main systems of hierarchization that structure both the academic training and the professional practice of physicians. Four systems of hierarchization are identified: professional, by subfields, by specialties, and by division of labor. These systems of hierarchization, reciprocally entangled with one another, are part of the complex structure of positions within the medical field, as well of the agents’ schemes of perception and appreciation which are embodied under the form of habitus.