HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 60km grid over the UK, v1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022)

HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 60 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2022, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.

The gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.

This data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2018, see linked documentation).

The changes for v1.2.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:

* Added data for calendar year 2022

* Added newly digitised data for monthly sunshine 1910-1918

* Added Rainfall Rescue version 2 doi:10.5281/zenodo.7554242

* Updated shapefiles used for production of area average statistics https://github.com/ukcp-data/ukcp-spatial-files

* Updated controlled vocabulary for metadata assignment https://github.com/ukcp-data/UKCP18_CVs

* Updated assignment of timepoint for some periods so that the datetime is the middle of the period (e.g. season) rather than a fixed offset from the period start.

* Updated ordering of regions within regional values files. Alphabetical ordering.

* Files use netcdf level 4 compression using gzip https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/blogs/developer/entry/netcdf_compression

* Net changes to the input station data used to generate this dataset:

- Total of 125601744 observations

- 122621050 (97.6%) unchanged

- 26700 (0.02%) modified for this version

- 2953994 (2.35%) added in this version

- 16315 (0.01%) deleted from this version

* Changes to monthly rainfall 1836-1960

- Total of 4823973 observations

- 3315657 (68.7%) unchanged

- 21029 (0.4%) modified for this version

- 1487287 (30.8%) added in this version

- 11155 (0.2%) deleted from this version

The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project "Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.

HadUK-Grid 数据集系由英国陆地观测网络衍生出的网格化气候变量集合。该数据集通过气象站数据插值至统一网格，以实现对英国全域的完整且一致覆盖。在60公里分辨率下，本数据集由1公里x1公里的相关分辨率数据衍生而来，以便与UKCP18气候预测数据进行比较。该数据集时间跨度为1836年至2022年，但起始时间取决于气候变量和时间分辨率。

网格化数据生成于每日、每月、季节和年度时间尺度，以及某些气候参考周期的长期平均值。变量包括空气温度（最高、最低和平均值）、降水量、日照、平均海平面气压、风速、相对湿度、蒸汽压、积雪天数和地面霜冻天数。

本数据集取代了先前版本的此数据集，后者也取代了UKCP09网格化观测数据。后续版本将适时发布，并遵循Hollis等（2018年）概述的版本编号（详见相关文档）。

v1.2.0.ceda版本HadUK-Grid数据集的变更如下：

* 添加了2022年的数据。
* 添加了1910-1918年每月日照的新数字化数据。
* 添加了Rainfall Rescue版本2（doi:10.5281/zenodo.7554242）。
* 更新了用于生成区域平均统计数据的shapefiles（https://github.com/ukcp-data/ukcp-spatial-files）。
* 更新了用于元数据指定的受控词汇表（https://github.com/ukcp-data/UKCP18_CVs）。
* 更新了某些时期的时间点分配，使日期时间成为该时期的中间值（例如季节）而非从时期开始固定的偏移量。
* 更新了区域值文件中区域的排序，采用字母顺序。
* 文件使用netcdf第4级压缩，采用gzip格式（https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/blogs/developer/entry/netcdf_compression）。
* 对生成此数据集所使用的输入站点的数据进行了以下净变化：
- 总计125601744个观测值。
- 122621050个（97.6%）未变。
- 26700个（0.02%）在此版本中进行了修改。
- 2953994个（2.35%）在此版本中添加。
- 16315个（0.01%）在此版本中删除。
* 对1836-1960年月度降雨量的变更：
- 总计4823973个观测值。
- 3315657个（68.7%）未变。
- 21029个（0.4%）在此版本中进行了修改。
- 1487287个（30.8%）在此版本中添加。
- 11155个（0.2%）在此版本中删除。

这些数据的首要目的是促进对英国气候的监测和气候变化、影响及适应的研究。该数据集由气象局创建，并获得商业、能源和工业战略部（BEIS）以及环境、食品和农村事务部（DEFRA）的财政支持，以支持公共气象服务客户组（PWSCG）、哈德莱中心气候计划以及英国气候预测（UKCP18）项目。在创建本数据集的过程中，使用了与19世纪和20世纪初数据相关的多项数据恢复活动的输出，这些活动得到了以下机构的支持：气象局哈德莱中心气候计划、自然环境研究委员会项目“分析英国历史干旱和水短缺”、英国研究与创新（UKRI）战略重点基金英国气候韧性计划、英国自然环境研究委员会（NERC）公众参与计划、国家大气科学中心、国家大气科学中心与NERC GloSAT项目，以及成千上万公众志愿者的贡献。本数据集在开放政府许可下提供。