Nonuniform variations of drought driven by spatially heterogeneous climate changes

Under the background of global warming, the global drought shows an increasing trend. However, it is not clear how the drought changes in different regions at the global scale, what the dominant influencing factors are and how they will change in the future, which needs to be explored in depth. Based on the retrieved 2001-2020 annual temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) data set, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of global drought in the past 20 years and further clarifies the dominant influencing factors of drought in different regions. The main results showed that: (1) There was obvious correlations between the spatial distribution of drought and latitude ;(2) The drought areas in Africa, Oceania and South America accounted for a large proportion and the drought in Europe showed an intensified trend, while the drought in the Amazon Plain first intensified and then weakened;(3) There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and drought in parts of North America and Siberia at high latitudes;(4) As the global temperature rose, the drought continues to intensified;(5) Compared with the drought changes during 2001-2010, the area proportion of the drought intensified area during 2011-2020 increased significantly;(6)The temperature factor had a greater impact on the drought, the precipitation had a greater impact in the relatively arid area, and the impact of evapotranspiration on the drought was greatly related to the temperature.