Australian Estuaries and Coastal Waterways : A Geoscience Perspective for Improved and Integrated Resource Management : A Report to the National Land & Water Resources Audit Theme 7 : Ecosystem Health

Australian estuaries and coastal waterways were classified into six subclasses according to the wave-, tide- and river-energies that shape them, and also according to their overall geomorphology. The geomorphic classification confirmed the energy classification.
Within this framework:
- 17% were classified as wave-dominated estuaries;
- 11% were classified as tide-dominated estuaries;
- 10% were classified as wave-dominated deltas; and
- 9% were classified as tide-dominated deltas
Therefore, only ~28% of Australian coastal waterways are actually estuaries. The remainder are delta's (19%), strandplains (~5%), or tidal creeks (~35%). A seventh subclass others (13%) includes: Drowned River Valleys, Embayments and Coastal Lakes/Lagoons/Creeks. Strandplains and Tidal Creeks are indicative of very low river-energy, and their joint dominance in the data set (~40%) reflects the fact that Australia is a dry continent, with relatively little river runoff by world standards.