DataSheet1_Enabling the complete valorization of hybrid Pennisetum: Directly using alkaline black liquor for preparing UV-shielding biodegradable films.docx

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into various high-value chemicals has been a rapid expanding research topic in industry and agriculture. Among them, alkaline removal and utilization of lignin are important for the accelerated degradation of biomass. Modern biorefinery has been focusing the vision on the advancement of economical, green, and environmentally friendly processes. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop cost-effective and simple biomass conversion technologies to obtain high-value products. In this study, the black liquor (BL) obtained from the alkaline pretreatment of biomass was added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and used to prepare degradable ultraviolet (UV) shielding films, achieving direct and efficient utilization of the aqueous phase from alkaline pretreatment. This method avoids the extraction step of lignin fraction from black liquor, which can be directly utilized as the raw materials of films preparation. In addition, the direct use of alkaline BL results in films with similar UV-shielding properties, higher physical strength, and similar thermal stability compared with films made by commercial alkaline lignin. Therefore, this strategy is proposed for alkaline-pretreated biorefineries as a simple way to convert waste BL into valuable products and partially recover unconsumed sodium hydroxide to achieve as much integration of biomass and near zero-waste biorefineries as possible.

将木质纤维素生物质转化为多种高附加值化学品，已成为工业和农业领域迅速拓展的研究课题。其中，碱去除及木质素的有效利用对于加速生物质降解至关重要。现代生物炼制工厂将目光聚焦于经济、环保和绿色工艺的进步。因此，开发成本效益高且操作简便的生物质转化技术，以获取高附加值产品显得尤为必要。在本研究中，从生物质的碱性预处理中获得的黑液（BL）被加入到聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液中，用于制备可降解的紫外线（UV）屏蔽薄膜，实现了碱性预处理水相的直接且高效的利用。此方法避开了从黑液中提取木质素分馏步骤，使得黑液可以直接作为薄膜制备的原料。此外，直接使用碱性黑液制备的薄膜与由商业碱性木质素制成的薄膜相比，具有相似的紫外线屏蔽性能、更高的物理强度和类似的热稳定性。因此，该策略被提出作为碱性预处理生物炼制工厂将废弃黑液转化为有价产品的一种简便方法，并部分回收未消耗的氢氧化钠，以期实现生物质的最大程度整合和近乎零废弃的生物炼制工厂。