The lower thermospheric density dataset is calculated by NRLMSIS 2.1 model

The dataset features a temporal resolution of three hours and offers comprehensive global spatial coverage. The longitudinal extent spans from 180°W to 179°E at a resolution of 1°, while the latitudinal coverage ranges from 85°N to 85°S, also at a 1° resolution. The vertical altitude range extends from 85 km to 125 km with a resolution of 2 km.The normal dataset was selected from both 2019—a year of low solar activity—and 2024—a year ofhigh solar activity. The geomagnetic storm dataset was constructed, comprising 102 storm events recordedbetween 2020 and 2023.