Spatial transcriptomic based, endocapillary hypercellularity in IgA nephropathy

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, marked by mesangial IgA1 immune-complex deposition and a multi-hit pathogenesis. The Oxford classification grades histopathological lesions such as endocapillary hypercellularity (E0 and E1), which are associated with disease severity and prognosis. Despite advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, the molecular basis of endocapillary hypercellularity in human IgAN remains unclear. Spatial transcriptomic data obtained using the GeoMx DSP platform were analyzed to compare gene expression profiles across normal, E0, and E1 groups. Overall design: Human kidney tissues from control subjects and IgA nephropathy patients classified as E0 or E1 were analyzed using spatial transcriptomics to characterize classification-dependent transcriptomic alterations.