Bilateral Air Passenger Traffic, Diaspora Stock, and Schengen Visa Liberalization Dataset (2005-2023)

This dataset provides an unbalanced country-pair × year panel of bilateral air passenger flows between 29 European Union and EFTA reporting countries and 141 partner countries from 2005 to 2023, comprising 12,059 observations. It combines Eurostat's avia_par bilateral air traffic data, Eurostat's migr_pop1ctz citizenship-based diaspora stocks, World Bank WDI macroeconomic controls, CEPII GeoDist bilateral geographic variables, and a Schengen visa liberalization treatment indicator covering nine partner countries across five cohorts (2009–2024). The dataset is suitable for gravity model estimation, panel data analysis, and modern staggered difference-in-differences applications in transport geography, migration, and policy evaluation.