Population structure and domestication history of the Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus)

We generated whole genome resequencing data for 19 Javan banteng (B. j. javanicus) samples, including 8 wild born individuals currently kept in Indonesian zoos, 3 historical specimens collected in Java (between 1868 and 1905), and 8 specimens from a private ranch in Texas, USA. For the study, we first investigated the genetic structure and genetic diversity within B. javanicus, and inferred patterns of gene flow between cattle and B. javanicus. Next, we sought to establish the domestication history of B. javanicus and to investigate the demographic and selective forces acting during the domestication process. Our findings provide the first comprehensive investigation of one of the least publicized domestication events in human history.