BabeLLM Ontology: A Unified Taxonomy for NLP-based LLM Cybersecurity Applications

BabeLLM is a concept-based taxonomy and OWL ontology for NLP-based LLM applications in cybersecurity. It integrates NLP tasks, cybersecurity processes, and LLM use cases into a unified, machine-readable reference grounded in established standards (NIST, ISO/IEC, FIRST, JRC, IETF). The ontology was developed through an umbrella systematic literature review of 1400+ publications and refined through iterative expert review. This deposit contains the OWL ontology file released openly alongside the paper: "BabeLLM: A Unified Taxonomy for NLP-based LLM Cybersecurity Applications", published in Expert Systems with Applications. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133540