Table 2 in Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan

Table 2. Summary of diagnostic characters of Cirsium Mill. subsect. Cirsium Australicirsium Kitam. in Taiwan. CharactersC. arisanenseC. hosokawaeC. taiwanenseRosette leavesSize (cm)31.32 ± 13.71a × 5.55 ± 1.27a19.69 ± 3.79b × 4.42 ± 1.02a26.05 ± 6.18ab × 5.55 ± 1.27aShapenarrowly ellipticnarrowly elliptic to oblanceolatenarrowly elliptic to oblanceolateAngle between midrib and lateral vein (°)68.78 ± 5.12b83.05 ± 9.88a63.04 ± 12.00bCobwebby hairs on abaxial leaf surfaceAbsentpresentpresentCauline leavesSize (cm)12.70 ± 5.84b × 4.10 ± 2.95a17.88 ± 0.78a × 5.26 ± 0.74a16.17 ± 5.01ab × 4.85 ± 1.56aAngle between midrib and lateral vein (°)65.31 ± 9.06b83.73 ± 9.53a62.30 ± 10.71bCobwebby hairs on abaxial leaf surfaceAbsentpresentpresentCapitulaMature capitulaerect or sometimes noddingnoddingnoddingSize (cm)3.05 ± 0.22a × 1.42 ± 0.25ab2.60 ± 0.66a × 1.18 ± 0.32b3.03 ± 0.22a × 1.61 ± 0.17aPhyllariesLength ratio (inner vs. outer)2.05 ± 0.75ab1.46 ± 0.33b2.91 ± 0.73aLength of the reflexed part of the phyllaries (mm)4.88 ± 1.23a2.33 ± 0.80b2.30 ± 0.18bNumber81.3 ± 11.5b86.3 ± 12.0b111.7 ± 13.3aFloretsLength (cm)2.54 ± 0.15ab2.46 ± 0.21b2.63 ± 0.21aInflated part of corolla tube length (mm)4.39 ± 0.63b4.41 ± 0.46b5.11 ± 0.70aCorolla colorYellowvivid purplish redyellowCorolla lobesRevoluteerecterectAnther length (mm)6.02 ± 0.78b6.10 ± 0.51b6.86 ± 0.80aNumber102.7 ± 24.1ab84.6 ± 19.5b129.7 ± 30.1bAcheneSize (mm)3.77 ± 0.16a × 1.49 ± 0.06ab3.95 ± 0.13a × 1.37 ± 0.05b3.97 ± 0.18a × 1.65 ± 0.07aPappus length (cm)1.66 ± 0.04a1.29 ± 0.04b1.60 ± 0.05aPollenPollen size (P/E, μm)47.61 ± 0.80a / 46.37 ± 1.00a41.40 ± 0.60b / 41.15 ± 0.75b48.50 ± 0.80a / 47.00 ± 1.00aPollen spine length (μm)4.25 ± 0.18a3.91 ± 0.14ab3.20 ± 0.18bcPollen spine base width (μm)4.44 ± 0.26a5.33 ± 0.19a4.74 ± 0.26aChromosome number2 n = 342 n = 342 n = 32DistributionEndemic to Taiwan; widely distributed in open mountain areas at 1500-3800 m a.s.l. (Chang et al. 2019).Endemic to Taiwan; open areas at 1400-3600 m a.s.l. in central-northern Taiwan.Endemic to Taiwan; open areas at 1400-3400 m a.s.l. in central-northern Taiwan. abc Means in the same row followed by the same letter are not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05; Tukey’s HSD test).