2020 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs); PA, NJ, DE & MD

*USE geoid TO JOIN DATA DOWNLOADED FROM DATA.CENSUS.GOV* The TIGER/Line Shapefiles are extracts of selected geographic and cartographic information from the Census Bureau's Master Address File (MAF)/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) System (MTS). The TIGER/Line Shapefiles contain a standard geographic identifier (GEOID) for each entity that links to the GEOID in the data from censuses and surveys. The TIGER/Line Shapefiles do not include demographic data from surveys and censuses (e.g., Decennial Census, Economic Census, American Community Survey, and the Population Estimates Program). Other, non-census, data often have this standard geographic identifier as well. Data from many of the Census Bureau’s surveys and censuses, including the geographic codes needed to join to the TIGER/Line Shapefiles, are available at the Census Bureau’s public data dissemination website (https://data.census.gov/). ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) are approximate area representations of U.S. Postal Service (USPS) five-digit Zonal Improvement Plan (ZIP) Code service routes that the Census Bureau creates using whole blocks to present statistical data from censuses and surveys. The Census Bureau defines ZCTAs by allocating each block that contains addresses to a single ZCTA, usually to the ZCTA that reflects the most frequently occurring ZIP Code for the addresses within that tabulation block. Blocks that do not contain addresses, but are surrounded by a single ZCTA (enclaves) are assigned to the surrounding ZCTA; those surrounded by multiple ZCTAs are added to a single ZCTA based on limited buffering performed between multiple ZCTAs. The Census Bureau identifies five-digit ZCTAs using a five-character numeric code that represents the most frequently occurring USPS ZIP Code within that ZCTA, and this code has a fixed length of five digits and may contain leading zeros. Not all ZIP Codes in use by the USPS may have a ZCTA delineated to represent them, The USPS makes periodic changes to ZIP Codes to support more efficient mail delivery. In addition, the ZCTA delineation process primarily uses residential addresses and has a bias towards ZIP Codes used for city-style mail delivery, thus there may be ZIP Codes that are primarily nonresidential or used for PO boxes only that may not have a corresponding ZCTA. ZIP Code is a trademark of the U.S. Postal Service. Downloaded from https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2022/ZCTA520/ on June 22, 2023*使用地理标识符（GEOID）来对接从data.census.gov下载的数据集* TIGER/Line形状文件（TIGER/Line Shapefiles）是从美国人口普查局的主地址文件（Master Address File, MAF）/拓扑集成地理编码与参考系统（Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, TIGER）（简称MTS）中提取的精选地理与制图信息子集。该文件为每个地理实体配备了标准地理标识符（GEOID），可与人口普查与调查数据中的GEOID实现关联匹配。 TIGER/Line形状文件不包含各类调查与人口普查的人口统计数据（例如十年一次人口普查、经济普查、美国社区调查以及人口估计项目）。其他非人口普查来源的数据集通常也带有该标准地理标识符。美国人口普查局多数调查与普查项目的数据（包括可用于对接TIGER/Line形状文件的地理编码信息），均可在该局的公开数据发布网站（https://data.census.gov/）获取。 邮政编码制表区域（ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, ZCTAs）是美国邮政服务（U.S. Postal Service, USPS）五位数字区域改进计划（Zonal Improvement Plan, ZIP）代码服务路线的近似区域表示形式，由美国人口普查局通过整街区划分生成，用于呈现人口普查与调查中的统计数据。美国人口普查局对ZCTA的定义规则为：将每个包含地址的街区分配至单个ZCTA，通常分配至与该制表街区内地址最常使用的ZIP代码相对应的ZCTA。不含地址但被单个ZCTA包围的飞地街区，将被划入其周边的ZCTA；被多个ZCTA包围的街区，则基于多ZCTA间的有限缓冲分析结果，划入单个ZCTA。 美国人口普查局使用五位数字代码标识五位数字ZCTA，该代码对应ZCTA范围内最常使用的USPS ZIP代码，且代码固定为五位长度，可包含前导零。并非所有USPS正在使用的ZIP代码都有对应的ZCTA划定范围。USPS会定期调整ZIP代码以优化邮件投递效率。此外，ZCTA的划定流程主要基于住宅地址，且偏向于城市式邮件投递所使用的ZIP代码，因此部分仅用于非住宅场景或专用邮政信箱的ZIP代码可能没有对应的ZCTA。ZIP Code为美国邮政服务的注册商标。本数据集于2023年6月22日从https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2022/ZCTA520/下载获取。