Sphingolipid pathway

The sphingolipid metabolites and genes (with the gene abbreviations shown in boxes, or enzyme names where gene names are ambiguous) are given for the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine (3-ketoSa) by serine palmitoyltransferase, which is reduced to sphinganine (Sa), acylated to dihydroceramides, DHCer, by (DH)Cer synthases, and incorporated into more complex DH-sphingolipids (the 1-phosphate, DHCerP, sphingomyelins, DHSM, glucosylceramides, DHGlcCer, galactosylceramides, DHGalCer, lactosylceramides, DHLacCer, and sulfatides, or desaturated to Cer followed by headgroup addition. Also included are a number of the catabolic genes, e.g., sphingomyelinases, SMases, ceramidases, ASAH, sphingosine kinases, for the formation of sphinganine 1-phosphate (Sa1P) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (So1P), and phosphatases for the reverse reaction and the lyase that cleaves sphingoid base 1-phosphates to ethanolamine phosphate (EP), hexadecanal (C16:0al) and hexadecenal (C16:1al). This pathway has been updated with information from Lipidmaps>Sphingolipids [https://lipidmaps.org/resources/pathways/vanted.php]. Metabolites and proteins from this pathway are coloured orange and have a rounded rectangle shape (where an oval shape indicates that the node only occures in the LipidMaps pathway). Reactions occurring in the lipidmaps pathways are coloured orange (where a dashed line indicates that the reaction only occures in the LipidMaps pathway).

本数据集提供了鞘脂代谢产物及基因信息（基因缩写以方框显示，或酶名，当基因名称不明确时），涉及丝氨酸与棕榈酰辅酶A通过丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶缩合形成3-酮鞘氨醇（3-酮鞘氨醇，3-ketoSa），进而还原为鞘氨醇（Sa），由（DH）Cer合成酶酰化生成二氢神酰胺（DHCer），并进一步整合为更复杂的二氢神酰胺类鞘脂（包括1-磷酸二氢神酰胺DHCerP、鞘磷脂DHSM、葡萄糖神酰胺DHGlcCer、半乳糖神酰胺DHGalCer、乳糖神酰胺DHLacCer、硫酸脂，或经过不饱和化形成神经酰胺，随后添加头部基团。此外，还包括一系列分解代谢基因，例如鞘磷脂酶SMases、神经酰胺酶、ASAH、鞘氨醇激酶，用于形成鞘氨醇1-磷酸（Sa1P）和鞘氨醇1-磷酸（So1P），以及参与逆反应的磷酸酶和切割鞘氨醇基1-磷酸形成乙醇胺磷酸（EP）、十六碳醛（C16:0al）和十六碳烯醛（C16:1al）的裂解酶。该途径的信息已根据Lipidmaps>Sphingolipids [https://lipidmaps.org/resources/pathways/vanted.php]进行更新。该途径中的代谢物和蛋白质以橙色标注，并呈现圆角矩形形状（其中椭圆形表示该节点仅在LipidMaps途径中存在）。脂质途径中的反应以橙色标注（其中虚线表示该反应仅在LipidMaps途径中发生）。