Datasets for paper "Explorative characterization and taxonomy-aligned comparison of alterations in lipids and other biomolecules in Antarctic bacteria grown at different temperatures"

Temperature significantly impacts bacterial physiology, metabolism, and cell chemistry. In this study, we analyzed lipids and total cellular biochemical profile of seventy-four fast-growing Antarctic bacteria grown at different temperatures. Fatty acid diversity and temperature-induced alterations aligned with bacterial classification - Gram-groups, phylum, genus, and species. Total lipid content, varied from 4% to 19% of cell dry weight, was genus- and species-specific. Most bacteria increased lipid content at lower temperatures. The effect of temperature on the profile was complex and more specie-specific, while some common for all bacteria responses were recorded. Gram-negative bacteria adjusted unsaturation and acyl chain length. Gram-positive bacteria adjusted methyl branching (anteiso-/iso-), chain length, and unsaturation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed Gram-, genus-, and specie-specific changes in the total cellular biochemical profile triggered by temperature fluctuations. The most significant temperature related alterations detected on all taxonomy levels were recorded for mixed region 1500-900 cm-1, specifically the band at 1083 cm−1 related to phosphodiester groups mainly from phospholipids (for Gram-negative bacteria) and teichoic /lipoteichoic acids (for Gram-positive bacteria). Some changes in protein region were detected for few genera, while lipid region remained relatively stable despite the temperature fluctuations.