ANES 2020 Time Series Study

This study is part of the American National Election Study (ANES), a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. As with all Time Series studies conducted during years of presidential elections, respondents were interviewed during the two months preceding the November election (Pre-election interview), and then re-interviewed during the two months following the election (Post-election interview). Like its predecessors, the 2020 ANES was divided between questions necessary for tracking long-term trends and questions necessary to understand the particular political moment of 2020. The study maintains and extends the ANES time-series 'core' by collecting data on Americans' basic political beliefs, allegiances, and behaviors, which are so critical to a general understanding of politics that they are monitored at every election, no matter the nature of the specific campaign or the broader setting. This 2020 ANES study features a fresh cross-sectional sample, with respondents randomly assigned to one of three sequential mode groups: web only, mixed web (i.e., web and phone), and mixed video (i.e., video, web, and phone). The new content for the 2020 pre-election survey includes coronavirus pandemic, election integrity, corruption, impeachment, immigration and democratic norms. The pre-election survey also includes protests and unrest over policing and racism. The new content for the 2020 post-election survey includes voting experiences, anti-elitism, faith in experts or science, climate change, gun control, opioids, rural-urban identity, international trade, transgender military service, social media usage, misinformation, perceptions of foreign countries and group empathy. Phone and video interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software on computers. Unlike in earlier years, the 2020 ANES did not use computer-assisted self interviewing (CASI) during any part of the interviewer-administered modes (video and phone). Rather, in interviewer-administered modes, all questions were read out loud to respondents, and respondents also provided their answers orally. Demographic variables include respondent age, education level, political affiliation, race/ethnicity, marital status, and family composition.

本研究隶属于美国全国选举研究（American National Election Study, ANES），这是一套自1948年起持续开展的全国性调查时间序列数据集。美国全国选举研究旨在收集美国民众的社会背景、持久政治倾向、社会与政治价值观、对各类群体与候选人的认知与评价、公共政策议题观点以及政治参与情况等相关数据。
与所有总统选举年份开展的时间序列研究一致，本次调研在11月大选前两个月对受访者开展预访谈（Pre-election interview），并于大选后两个月进行二次回访（Post-election interview）。
与往届一致，2020年ANES的问卷分为两类：一类用于追踪长期政治趋势的核心问题，另一类用于解析2020年特定政治时局的专项问题。本研究延续并拓展了ANES时间序列研究的“核心板块”，收集了美国民众的基础政治信仰、政治效忠与政治行为数据——这些内容对于全面理解政治格局至关重要，因此无论具体竞选活动或整体社会环境如何，每届选举都会对其进行追踪调研。
2020年ANES采用全新的横截面样本，将受访者随机分配至三个连续调查模式组：纯网络调查组、混合网络（即网络与电话结合）调查组，以及混合视频（即视频、网络与电话结合）调查组。
2020年预访谈新增的调研内容涵盖新冠疫情、选举公正性、腐败、弹劾、移民与民主规范等议题，同时包含围绕警务与种族主义的抗议及社会动荡相关问题。
2020年大选后回访新增的调研内容则包括投票体验、反精英主义、对专家或科学的信任、气候变化、枪支管控、阿片类药物问题、城乡身份认同、国际贸易、跨性别者兵役政策、社交媒体使用情况、虚假信息、对外国的认知以及群体共情能力等。
电话与视频访谈由经过培训的访员使用计算机辅助个人访谈（Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing, CAPI）软件完成。与往届不同的是，2020年ANES在访员主导的调查模式（视频与电话访谈）中未采用计算机辅助自填访谈（Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing, CASI），而是由访员向受访者宣读全部问题，受访者以口头形式作答。
本次调研的人口统计学变量涵盖受访者年龄、受教育程度、政治党派倾向、种族/民族、婚姻状况及家庭构成。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

ANES 2020 Time Series Study是美国国家选举研究的一部分，专注于2020年总统选举期间美国公民的政治态度和行为。该研究通过混合模式（网络、电话和视频）收集数据，涵盖了新冠疫情、选举诚信等新议题，旨在为学者和政策制定者提供高质量的调查数据。