Induction of extracytoplasmic stress response pathways in response to various stimuli^a.

aThe induction level of the stress response pathways was determined using transcriptional gene fusion reporters expressing β-galactosidase. Cpx, Rcs, Bae, Psp, and σE pathways were tested using derivatives of strains TR50, GEB658, TR530, MC3, and CAG16037, respectively (Table S1). Results are presented as the ratio of β-galactosidase activity under stress conditions to standard conditions (growth in LB) from at least three independent experiments with the following codification: “+++”, ratio>5; “++”, ratio [3.5 ; 5[; “+”, ratio [1.5 ; 3.5[; “−”, ratio<1.5. bβ-galactosidase fusion less expressed than in standard conditions (LB). cND: not determined because the strain grew very poorly in this condition.