Labor Market Panel Survey, ELMPS 2018 - Egypt, Arab Rep.

Abstract
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"The Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey, carried out by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in cooperation with Egypt’s Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Over its twenty-year history, the ELMPS has become the mainstay of labor market and human development research in Egypt, being the first and most comprehensive source of publicly available micro data on the subject.

The 2018 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) is the fourth wave of a longitudinal survey carried out by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in cooperation with the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). The 2018 wave follows previous waves in 1998, 2006 and 2012. Over its twenty-year history, the ELMPS has become the mainstay of labor market and human development research in Egypt, being the first and most comprehensive source of publicly available micro data on the subject.

The ELMPS is a wide-ranging, nationally representative panel survey that covers topics such as parental background, education, housing, access to services, residential mobility, migration and remittances, time use, marriage patterns and costs, fertility, women’s decision making and empowerment, job dynamics, savings and borrowing behavior, the operation of household enterprises and farms, besides the usual focus on employment, unemployment and earnings in typical labor force surveys. ELMPS 2018 also provided more detailed information on health, gender role attitudes, food security, hazardous work, community infrastructure and the cost of housing. It incorporated specific questions on vulnerability, coping strategies and access to social safety net programs. (Krafft, C, Assaad, R., and Rahman, K .,2019)

In addition to the survey’s panel design, which permits the study of various phenomena over time, the survey also contains a large number of retrospective questions about the timing of major life events such as education, residential mobility, jobs, marriage and fertility. The survey provides detailed information about place of birth and subsequent residence, as well information about schools and colleges attended at various stages of an individual’s trajectory, which permit the individual records to be linked to information from other data sources about the geographic context in which the individual lived and the educational institutions s/he attended.

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For details on the the key characteristics of the ELMPS 2018, see:
Krafft, C., Assaad, R., and Rahman, K. (2019) . Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018. Economic Research Forum Working Paper No. 1360
https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2018/
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Geographic coverage
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<td>Regions:

<tr><td>Greater Cairo
<tr><td>Alexandria and Suez Canal
<tr><td>Urban Lower Egypt
<tr><td>Urban Upper Egypt
<tr><td>Rural Lower Egypt
<tr><td>Rural Upper Egypt
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For detailed information on the regions and governorates used in the ELMPS 2018 Sample, see:
Krafft, C., Assaad, R., and Rahman, K. (2019) . Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018. Economic Research Forum Working Paper No. 1360
https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2018/
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Analysis unit
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1- Households.
2- Individuals.
3- Enterprises.

Universe
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The survey covered a national sample of households and all households members aged 6 and above. In addition to Enterprises operated by the household.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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"As a longitudinal survey, the ELMPS attempts to track households included in the previous waves and interview all their remaining and new members. The survey also tries to locate any individuals who may have split from these households between waves, and attempts to interview them, as well as any other individuals found in the households they formed or joined.

In every wave of the survey, a refresher sample of 2,000-3,000 households is added to maintain the representativeness of the overall sample and to allow for a more in-depth examination of phenomena of interest. The focus we selected for the 2018 wave of the ELMPS was economic vulnerability among Egypt's poorest communities. Accordingly, we added a refresher sample of 2,000 households that oversampled rural communities that were among the "1,000 poorest villages" of Egypt, as ascertained by the most recent national poverty map available to us.

The final sample included 15,746 households and 61,231 individuals. Of these households, 13,793 households included members from 2012 (10,042 panel and 3,751 split households) and 1,953 were refresher households. Among individuals, 53,040 were in households that included at least one individual interviewed in 2012 (i.e., either panel or split households), while 8,191 were in refresher households. Of the 49,186 individuals included in the 2012 sample, 39,153 (79.6%) were successfully re-interviewed in 2018.

Of the 37,140 individuals in the 2006 sample, 22,901 (61.7%) were successfully tracked over three waves. Finally, of the 23,997 individuals included in the 1998 wave, 10,145 (42.3%) were successfully tracked over four waves. We present a detailed discussion of sample attrition patterns in Section 2 and the creation of weights to address such attrition in Section 3. We also discuss the design of the refresher sample and the calculation of the weights for it. In the subsequent section, we compare the (weighted) results of the ELMPS on key demographic and labor market indicators to those of other data sources, namely Egypt's 2017 Census and various rounds of the LFS. First, however, we discuss the design of the questionnaires, sample, and fielding practices." (Krafft, C., Assaad, R., and Rahman, K. ,2019)

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For details on The Pattern of Attrition from 2012 to 2018, see:
Krafft, C., Assaad, R., and Rahman, K. (2019) . Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018. Economic Research Forum Working Paper No. 1360
https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2018/
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Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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"Each wave of the survey attempts to maintain consistency for the indicators measured in previous waves while adding additional modules and questions to examine new issues or allow more in-depth examination of existing issues. Accordingly, the 2018 wave devoted more attention to the measurement of the instability of employment, focusing in particular on job turnover among casual workers. It also provided more detailed information on health, gender role attitudes, food security, hazardous work, community infrastructure and the cost of housing. It incorporated specific questions on vulnerability, coping strategies and access to social safety net programs.

The 2018 wave has two primary questionnaires, a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire. The modules in these two questionnaires are;

A) The household questionnaire includes; Statistical Identification; Tracking Splits, Individual Roster; Housing Information; Current Migrants; Transfers from Individuals; Other Sources of Income; Shocks and Coping; Household Non-Farm Activities; Agriculture Assets: Lands; Agriculture Assets: Livestock/Poultry; Agriculture Assets: Equipment; Agricultural Crops and Other Agricultural Income.

B) The individual questionnaire includes; Statistical Identification; Residential Mobility; Father's Characteristics; Mother's Characteristics; Siblings; Health; Education; Past Seven Days Subsistence & Domestic Work; Employment in the Past Seven Days; Unemployment; Employment in the Past Three Months; Characteristics of Main Job; Secondary Job; Labor Market History; Marriage; Fertility; Female Employment; Earnings; Earnings in Secondary Job; Return Migration; Information Technology; Savings & Borrowing and Attitudes.

They are for the most part the same as those in the previous waves of the survey with a few exceptions. The “tracking splits” module in the household questionnaire allows interviewers to ascertain whether the composition of the household has changed since the 2012 wave and inquire about new members present in the household as well as those who may have split to form new households. The “shocks and coping module” is also new in the 2018 wave and enquires about both idiosyncratic and community level shocks that the household may have been exposed to, household food security, and coping mechanisms that the household may have used to respond to shocks. The main changes in the individual questionnaire relative to the 2012 wave were a substantial expansion of the health module, a reconfiguration of the labor market history module to better capture past periods of non-employment7 and the addition of a module on attitudes." (Krafft, C., Assaad, R., and Rahman, K. ,2019)

摘要
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埃及劳动力市场面板调查（ELMPS）由经济研究论坛（ERF）与埃及中央公共动员与统计局（CAPMAS）合作实施。在二十年的发展历程中，ELMPS 已然成为埃及劳动力市场与人类发展研究之基石，它是关于此主题首个且最为全面的公开微观数据来源。

2018 年的埃及劳动力市场面板调查（ELMPS）是该论坛与埃及中央公共动员与统计局（CAPMAS）合作进行的纵向调查的第四波。2018 年的调查紧随1998 年、2006 年和2012 年的各波调查。在其二十年的发展历程中，ELMPS 已然成为埃及劳动力市场与人类发展研究的主要支柱，成为关于此主题首个且最为全面的公开微观数据来源。

ELMPS 是一项广泛、全国代表性的面板调查，涵盖诸如家庭背景、教育、住房、服务可及性、居住流动性、移民与汇款、时间使用、婚姻模式与成本、生育、女性决策与赋权、就业动态、储蓄与借贷行为、家庭企业与农场运营等主题，除此之外，它还聚焦于典型劳动力市场调查中就业、失业与收入等常规关注点。2018 年的ELMPS 还提供了关于健康、性别角色态度、食品安全、危险工作、社区基础设施与住房成本等方面的更详细信息。它纳入了关于脆弱性、应对策略与社会安全网项目可及性的特定问题。（Krafft, C, Assaad, R., 和 Rahman, K .,2019）

除了调查的纵向设计，允许对各种现象随时间的变化进行研究之外，该调查还包含大量关于教育、居住流动性、工作、婚姻与生育等重大生活事件发生时间的追溯性问题。调查提供了关于出生地及后续居住地的详细信息，以及关于个人在其发展轨迹中各个阶段所就读的学校和学院的详细信息，这使得个人记录能够与来自其他数据源关于个人居住的地理背景及其所就读的教育机构的信息相连接。

详细关于ELMPS 2018的关键特征，请参阅：
Krafft, C., Assaad, R., 和 Rahman, K. (2019) . 介绍2018年埃及劳动力市场面板调查. 经济研究论坛工作论文No. 1360
https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2018/
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地理覆盖范围
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<td>地区：

<tr><td>开罗大区
<tr><td>亚历山大与苏伊士运河
<tr><td>下埃及城市
<tr><td>上埃及城市
<tr><td>下埃及农村
<tr><td>上埃及农村
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关于ELMPS 2018样本中所用地区和省份的详细信息，请参阅：
Krafft, C., Assaad, R., 和 Rahman, K. (2019) . 介绍2018年埃及劳动力市场面板调查. 经济研究论坛工作论文No. 1360
https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2018/
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分析单位
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1- 家庭。
2- 个人。
3- 企业。

总体
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该调查涵盖了全国范围内的家庭样本以及6岁及以上的所有家庭成员。此外，还包括家庭经营的企业。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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作为一项纵向调查，ELMPS 力求追踪之前波次中包含的家庭，并对所有剩余和新成员进行访谈。调查还试图找到任何可能在波次之间从这些家庭中分离出来的个人，并尝试对他们以及他们在其中形成或加入的家庭中的其他个人进行访谈。

在调查的每一波次中，都会增加2,000-3,000户的更新样本，以维持整体样本的代表性，并允许对感兴趣的现象进行更深入的考察。2018年ELMPS的选取重点为埃及最贫困社区的经济脆弱性。因此，我们增加了一个包含2,000户的更新样本，该样本对埃及“1,000个最贫困村庄”中的农村社区进行了超样本调查，这些村庄是我们所能获取的最新国家贫困地图中所确定的。

最终样本包括15,746户家庭和61,231名个人。在这些家庭中，13,793户包含2012年的成员（10,042个面板家庭和3,751个分裂家庭），1,953户为更新家庭。在个人中，53,040名个人位于包含至少一名2012年接受访谈的个人的家庭中（即，无论是面板家庭还是分裂家庭），而8,191名个人位于更新家庭中。在2012年的样本中包含的49,186名个人中，39,153名（79.6%）在2018年成功接受了重新访谈。

在2006年的样本中包含的37,140名个人中，22,901名（61.7%）在三个波次中成功追踪。最后，在1998年的样本中包含的23,997名个人中，10,145名（42.3%）在四个波次中成功追踪。我们在第2节中详细讨论了样本流失模式，在第3节中讨论了为解决此类流失而创建的权重。我们还在后续章节中比较了ELMPS在关键人口统计和劳动力市场指标上的（加权）结果与其他数据源的结果，即埃及2017年人口普查和多个轮次的劳动力调查。然而，在讨论这些问题之前，我们先讨论问卷、样本和实地操作的设计。 （Krafft, C., Assaad, R., 和 Rahman, K. ,2019)

详细关于2012年至2018年样本流失模式的信息，请参阅：
Krafft, C., Assaad, R., 和 Rahman, K. (2019) . 介绍2018年埃及劳动力市场面板调查. 经济研究论坛工作论文No. 1360
https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2018/
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数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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“每个调查波次都试图保持之前波次中测量的指标的一致性，同时增加额外的模块和问题，以探讨新问题或更深入地探讨现有问题。因此，2018年的调查更加关注就业不稳定性的测量，特别关注临时工的职位流动。它还提供了关于健康、性别角色态度、食品安全、危险工作、社区基础设施和住房成本的更详细信息。它纳入了关于脆弱性、应对策略和社会安全网项目可及性的特定问题。

2018年的调查有两个主要问卷，一个家庭问卷和一个个人问卷。这两个问卷的模块包括；

A）家庭问卷包括；统计识别；追踪分裂，个人名单；住房信息；当前移民；从个人那里转移；其他收入来源；冲击与应对；家庭非农活动；农业资产：土地；农业资产：牲畜/家禽；农业资产：设备；农作物和其他农业收入。

B）个人问卷包括；统计识别；居住流动性；父亲的特征；母亲的特征；兄弟姐妹；健康；教育；过去七天的生存与家务劳动；过去七天的就业；失业；过去三个月的就业；主要工作的特征；次要工作；劳动力市场历史；婚姻；生育；女性就业；收入；次要工作的收入；返回移民；信息技术；储蓄与借贷和态度。

它们大部分与之前调查波次中的相同，只有一些例外。家庭问卷中的“追踪分裂”模块允许访谈员确定自2012年波次以来家庭组成是否发生变化，并询问家庭中新出现的成员以及可能分裂以形成新家庭的成员。2018年的波次中新增加的“冲击与应对模块”询问家庭可能暴露于其间的特殊和社区级别的冲击，家庭食品安全，以及家庭为应对冲击所采用的应对机制。与2012年波次相比，个人问卷的主要变化是健康模块的显著扩展，劳动力市场历史模块的重构，以更好地捕捉过去的非就业时期，以及态度模块的添加。” （Krafft, C., Assaad, R., 和 Rahman, K. ,2019）