EdenMusk/food_cost_over_time_and_countires

## Video

[](https://youtu.be/FiUNDNLSZMk)

<video src="Assigment explenation DS.mp4" controls="controls" style="max-width: 720px;"></video>

# Healthy Diet Cost Analysis

## Project Overview
This project analyzes the cost of maintaining a healthy diet across countries and over time. The main goal is to identify patterns, trends,
and differences in food costs between countries and regions.

## Dataset
The dataset includes country level data on healthy diet costs across multiple years.
Some of the main variables used in the analysis are:

- Country
- Year
- Annual healthy diet cost (USD)
- Daily food cost (PPP USD)
- Fruit cost (PPP USD)
- Vegetable cost (PPP USD)
- Total food cost (PPP USD)

PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) adjusts prices to reflect differences in cost of living and income between countries, which makes comparisons more realistic.

## Main Goal
The purpose of this project is to better understand how the cost of a healthy diet changes across countries and over time, and to identify potential correlations.

## Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
Before answering the research questions, I performed several exploratory data analysis steps:

- Checked for missing values
- Checked for duplicate records
- Identified outliers
- Reviewed descriptive statistics such as mean, median, minimum, and maximum
- Visualized the overall distribution of annual healthy diet cost

## Research Questions

1. What is the distribution of annual healthy diet cost across countries?
2. How has the average annual healthy diet cost changed over time?
3. How do food costs evolve over time in different countries?
4. How does daily food cost translate into annual cost?
5. Is there a relationship between fruit cost and vegetable cost across countries?
6. Are there countries where food costs decreased over time?
7. How do food costs compare across selected countries?
8. What is the gap between the cheapest and most expensive countries over time?
9. Do food costs differ across continents?

## Questions, Insights, and Conclusions:

### 1. What is the distribution of annual healthy diet cost across countries?
To answer this question, I used a histogram showing the distribution of annual healthy diet costs.

**Insight:** Most values are concentrated between approximately **1,000 and 1,500 USD**
The mean is slightly higher than the median, indicating the presence of higher-cost outliers.

**Conclusion:** Most countries fall into a moderate cost range, while a smaller number of countries have significantly higher annual healthy diet costs.

### 2. How has the average annual healthy diet cost changed over time?
I used a line chart to track the average annual healthy diet cost from 2017 to 2024.

**Insight:** The average annual cost increased from about **1,150 USD in 2017 to around 1,630 USD in 2024**,
representing an increase of approximately **480 USD (~42%)**.

**Conclusion:** Healthy diets have become significantly more expensive over time, with the strongest increase occurring after 2021.

### 3. How do food costs evolve over time in different countries?
**Insight:** By 2024, countries like Brazil and Canada reached around **1,600–1,700 USD**,
while the United States remained closer to **~1,000 USD**, showing a difference of over **600 USD** between countries.

**Conclusion:** There are substantial differences between countries, both in cost levels and in how quickly costs are increasing.

### 4. How does daily food cost translate into annual cost?
To explore this, I used a scatter plot comparing daily healthy diet cost and annual healthy diet cost.

**Insight:** The relationship is strongly linear. I expected the graph would be linear because its just the x axis times 365, yet i still decided to keep it
because it helps understand how small daily expenses translate into large yearly expenses.

**Conclusion:** This chart confirms the direct relationship between daily and annual cost and shows how daily affordability translates into yearly expense.

### 5. Is there a relationship between fruit cost and vegetable cost across countries?
I used a scatter plot to compare fruit and vegetable costs across countries.

**Insight:** The correlation between fruit and vegetable costs is approximately **0.40**, indicating a moderate positive relationship.

**Conclusion:** Countries with higher vegetable costs tend to also have higher fruit costs, but the relationship is not strong enough to be considered tightly linked.

### 6. Are there countries where food costs decreased over time?
I used an area chart to highlight countries where the annual healthy diet cost decreased over the time period.

**Insight:** Only a small number of countries showed a decrease in cost over time, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Myanmar,
with reductions of roughly **100–300 USD** over the period.

**Conclusion:** While most countries experienced increasing costs, a few exceptions exist, indicating that trends are not uniform globally.

### 7. How do food costs compare across selected countries?
To compare food categories, I used a heatmap showing vegetable, fruit, and total food costs across selected countries in 2021.

**Insight:** Some countries consistently show higher values across multiple food categories, while others remain lower.

**Conclusion:** Food costs vary noticeably between countries, not only in total cost but also across specific food categories such as fruits and vegetables.

### 8. What is the gap between the cheapest and most expensive countries over time?
I used a comparison chart showing the cheapest country, the median value, and the most expensive country for each year.

**Insight:** The gap between the cheapest and most expensive countries increased from about **1,380 USD in 2017 to over 2,100 USD in 2024**.

**Conclusion:** The affordability gap between countries is large and growing, highlighting increasing inequality in access to a healthy diet.

### 9. Do food costs differ across continents?
To answer this question, I used a bar chart comparing average annual healthy diet costs across continents.

**Insight:** Average annual costs range roughly from **~1,150 USD (lower-cost regions) to ~1,600 USD (higher-cost regions)**.

**Conclusion:** There are noticeable regional differences, but these results depend on the countries included and should be interpreted carefully.

## Main Findings

Some of the main findings from this project are:

- Healthy diet costs increased significantly over time, rising from about **1,150 USD in 2017 to around 1,630 USD in 2024** (≈ **+42% increase**)

- There are major differences between countries, with annual costs ranging roughly from **~800 USD to over 3,000 USD**

- The gap between the cheapest and most expensive countries is very large, reaching over **2,100 USD difference in 2024**

- Fruit and vegetable costs are positively related, with a **moderate correlation of about 0.40**

- Some countries experienced cost decreases despite the general upward trend, such as the **Democratic Republic of the Congo and Myanmar**, where costs declined over the period

- Regional differences exist, with continent averages ranging approximately from **~1,150 USD to ~1,600 USD**, although these results depend on the countries included

## Key Statistics Summary

- Average annual cost (2024): ~1,630 USD
- Average annual cost (2017): ~1,150 USD
- Total increase: ~ 480 USD (~ 42%)
- Cost range across countries: ~800 USD to ~3,000 USD
- Maximum gap between countries: ~2,100 USD
- Correlation (fruit vs vegetable): ~0.40

## Final Conclusion
This analysis shows that the cost of maintaining a healthy diet varies significantly across countries and has generally increased over time.
It also highlights clear differences between countries, food categories, and regions, while showing that affordability gaps remain large.
Overall, the results suggest that access to an affordable healthy diet is uneven across the world and continues to be an important global issue.