Nest architecture is linked with ecological success in songbirds

Nests are essential constructions that directly determine fitness, yet their structure can vary substantially across bird species. While there is evidence supporting a link between nest architecture and the habitat a species occupies, we still ignore what ecological and evolutionary processes are linked to different nest types. Using information on 3175 species of songbirds, we show that – after controlling for latitude and body size – species that build domed nests (i.e., nests with a roof) have smaller ranges, are less likely to colonise urban environments and have potentially higher extinction rates compared to species with open and cavity nests. Domed nests could be a costly specialisation, and we show these nests take more time to be built, which could restrict breeding opportunities. These diverse strands of evidence suggest that transition from domed to open nests in passerines could represent an important evolutionary innovation behind the success of the largest bird radiation.

Methods
The dataset presented was collated from various online resouces and comprises data on nest information and other variables for 3175 species of passerine birds. This data has been cleaned and is the ones employed in all analyses. We also attach code and files that are needed to reproduce analyses and main graphs.