genome and transcriptome of pistachio

Here, we provide a draft de novo genome of pistachio as well as large-scale genome resequencing. Comparative genomic analyses reveals stress adaptation of pistachio is likely attributable to the expanded cytochrome P450 and chitinase gene families. Particularly, comparative transcriptomic analysis shows that the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway plays an important role in salt tolerance in pistachio. Moreover, we resequence 93 cultivars and 14 wild P. vera genomes and 35 closely related wild Pistacia genomes, to provide insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We find that frequent genetic admixture occurred among the different wild Pistacia species. Comparative population genomic analyses reveal that pistachio was domesticated about 8,000 year ago, and suggest that key genes for domestication related to tree and seed size experienced artificial selection.