Data from: Genomic diversity and structure of a Neotropical microendemic fig tree

Genetic diversity is a key component of evolution and unraveling factors
that promote genetic differentiation in space and time is a central
question in evolutionary biology. One of the most diverse and ecologically
important tree genera in tropical forests worldwide is Ficus (Moraceae).
It has been suggested that, given the great dispersal capacity of
pollinating fig wasps (Chalcidoidea; Agaonidae), the spatial genetic
structure, particularly in monoecious fig species, should be weak.
However, no studies have addressed the factors that determine the genetic
structure of Ficus species in regions of high geological, geographic, and
climatic complexity, such as the Mexican Transition Zone. Using nuclear
single nucleotide polymorphisms (5,311 SNPs) derived from low-coverage
whole genomes and 17 populations, we analyzed the population genomics of
Ficus pringlei to characterize neutral and adaptive genetic variation and
structure and its association with geographic barriers such as the
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, environmental heterogeneity, and wind
connectivity. From genomic data of 71 individuals, high genetic diversity,
and the identification of three genomic lineages were recorded (North,
South, and Churumuco). The results suggest that genetic variation is
primarily determined by climatic heterogeneity. Ficus pringlei populations
from the north and south of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt also exhibited
minimal genetic differentiation (FST= 0.021), indicating that this
mountain range may not act as an insurmountable barrier to gene flow. Wind
connectivity is also highlighted in structuring putative adaptive genetic
variation, underscoring the intricate complexity of the various factors
influencing genetic variation in the species. This study provides
information on the possible mechanisms underlying the genetic variation of
endemic species of the tropical dry forest of Western Mexico, such as F.
pringlei.