Normalized Annual Cereal Yields and Solar-Climate Time Series Data for Spain (1961–2021)

This dataset contains normalized annual agricultural yield time series for major rainfed cereal crops in Spain (Oats, Barley, Rye, and Wheat), alongside multi-crop ensemble averages and solar-hydroclimatic indicator metrics spanning the 61-year period from 1961 to 2021. The raw crop production metrics were compiled from official FAOSTAT records and national agricultural statistics, subsequently normalized to isolate relative yield fluctuations and technological growth trends.