Correction of the Electromagnetic Wave Speed Formula

Standard physics treats the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum as a universal constant c, defined by c = 1/√(ε₀μ₀). This paper, within the framework of World Quantum Theory (WQT), re-examines this relation starting from the ontological definitions of voltage and current established in companion papers [3][4]. Using the permittivity and permeability derived in [5], we obtain: 1 / √(ε_x · μ_x) = √(8c·d) where d is the radial velocity component of the particle's macro-rotation. This result is not a constant — it depends on the particle's kinematic state. The standard formula c = 1/√(ε₀μ₀) is a special case valid only when d = c/8. This value d = c/8 is not the actual radial velocity of the terrestrial electron; it is the equivalent value fixed by the standard calibration procedure. Standard physics treats this kinematic-state-dependent reading as a universal constant. We do not assert that 1/√(ε_xμ_x) is the speed of electromagnetic waves. We only show that it is not a universal constant, and that the standard formula is a special case. Keywords: electromagnetic wave speed, World Quantum Theory, permittivity, permeability, form energy, run energy, kinematic dependence