Table_2_Global Microbiome Diversity Scaling in Hot Springs With DAR (Diversity-Area Relationship) Profiles.XLS

The spatial distribution of biodiversity (i.e., the biogeography) of the hot-spring microbiome is critical for understanding the microbial ecosystems in hot springs. We investigated the microbiome diversity scaling (changes) over space by analyzing the diversity-area relationship (DAR), which is an extension to classic SAR (species-area relationship) law in biogeography. We built DAR models for archaea and bacteria with 16S-rRNA sequencing datasets from 165 hot springs globally. From the DAR models, we sketch out the biogeographic maps of hot-spring microbiomes by constructing: (i) DAR profile—measuring the archaea or bacteria diversity scaling over space (areas); (ii) PDO (pair-wise diversity overlap or similarity) profile—estimating the PDO between two hot springs; (iii) MAD (maximal accrual diversity) profile—predicting the global MAD; (iv) LRD/LGD (ratio of local diversity to regional or global diversity) profile. We further investigated the differences between archaea and bacteria in their biogeographic maps. For example, the comparison of DAR-profile maps revealed that the archaea diversity is more heterogeneous (i.e., more diverse) or scaling faster than the bacterial diversity does in terms of species numbers (species richness), but is less heterogeneous (i.e., less diverse) or scaling slower than bacteria when the diversity (Hill numbers) were weighted in favor of more abundant dominant species. When the diversity is weighted equally in terms of species abundances, archaea, and bacteria are equally heterogeneous over space or scaling at the same rate. Finally, unified DAR models (maps) were built with the combined datasets of archaea and bacteria.

热泉微生物群落的生物多样性（即生物地理学）的空间分布对于理解温泉中的微生物生态系统至关重要。本研究通过分析多样性-面积关系（DAR），即对生物地理学中经典SAR（物种-面积关系）定律的扩展，探究了微生物群落多样性的空间尺度变化。我们利用全球165个热泉的16S-rRNA测序数据集，构建了古菌和细菌的DAR模型。基于DAR模型，我们绘制了热泉微生物群落的生物地理图，包括：（i）DAR轮廓——衡量古菌或细菌在空间（面积）上的多样性尺度；（ii）PDO（成对多样性重叠或相似度）轮廓——估算两个热泉之间的PDO；（iii）MAD（最大累积多样性）轮廓——预测全球MAD；（iv）LRD/LGD（局部多样性与区域或全球多样性的比率）轮廓。我们进一步研究了古菌和细菌在其生物地理图中的差异。例如，通过比较DAR轮廓图，我们发现古菌多样性在物种数量（物种丰富度）方面比细菌多样性更为异质（即更为丰富）或尺度变化更快，但在多样性（希尔数）加权偏向于更多丰富的优势物种时，古菌的异质性（即多样性）比细菌更小或尺度变化更慢。当多样性在物种丰度方面加权相等时，古菌和细菌在空间上的异质性或尺度变化速率是相同的。最后，我们利用古菌和细菌的合并数据集构建了统一的DAR模型（地图）。