Development and validation of a Community Resilience Scale for Youth (CRS-Y) Community Resilience Scale for Regional Youth

The purpose of this article is to present the development and validation of a Community Resilience Scale for Youth (CRS-Y) among a Portuguese sample of nearly 4000 young people growing up in regions on the border with Spain. The scale was developed for young people to assess their perception of the resilience of regional communities in terms of positive development and purposeful experiences for young people. Resilient communities, under a social ecological approach, are those able to move forward on social change and transformation. This concept is especially remarkable in more challenging contexts such as border regions of mainland Portugal which are characterised by economic, social, educational, and cultural disadvantages while discovering possibilities of resilience through promising local dynamics.

A multi-step approach was used to develop this scale of 12-item scale. Items were generated based on an in-depth literature review and research previously conducted with young people in these contexts. The overall sample was randomly divided into two subsamples of 1828 and 1735 young people each. Principal component analysis was performed with one of the subsamples and yielded a three-factor structure, explaining 61.5% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the second showed good fit indexes. Furthermore, internal consistency of the three proposed components, gauged either by Cronbach’s alpha or McDonald’s omega, indicated good reliability. Given the results, the CRS-Y is a valid and reliable tool showing adequate psychometric properties.

This scale will be useful for schools and policy makers at the local level. Indicators such as the promotion of opportunities to participate and be recognised, collective trust and the promotion of shared values and protection are relevant in assessing regional communities’ resilience and informing youth policies.

The scoring and interpretation guidelines for this scale should be as follows:

The Community Resilience Scale for Youth (CRS-Y) was developed for young people to assess their perception of the resilience of regional communities in terms of positive development and purposeful experiences for young people. The scale consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1=low agreement to 5=high agreement), where participants indicate their level of agreement with each statement about their community. 

Items are grouped into a total score [MEAN(Factor1,Factor2,Factor3)] and three factors/dimensions: 

Factor 1-Promotion of opportunities and collective trust [5 items; MEAN(Item1,Item2,Item3,Item4,Item5)];

Factor 2-Promotion of shared values and protection [4 items; MEAN(Item6,Item7,Item8,Item9)];

Factor 3-Promotion of intercommunity trust and ties [3 items; MEAN(Item10,Item11,Item12)]. 

Higher scores indicate a greater perception of the resilience of regional communities in terms of positive development and purposeful experiences for young people.