Supplimental experiments to determine if "duodenal" waves at acupoints were artefact

This dataset is supplemental to a paper entitled: "The stomach’s communication with its related acupoints, and the 'intelligent tissue' hypothesis" which is still in preparation. That paper describes an experiment that captured impedance values from 6 stomach-related acupoints while the subject drank chilled water (see the related links below). At every monitored acupoint, the impedance featured waves that appeared to correspond to duodenal contractions. To determine if these impedance waves were artefact, the following additional experiments were conducted. “Duodenal” waves were present in all the plots of the impedance at each acupoint, even both ST-36 acupoints, which were (on Subject A) about 74cm below the start of the duodenum, which rules out any mechanical or bioelectrical artefact from the duodenum. And, more impressively, the signals were in contrary motion. If they were due to artefact of any kind, the waves would not appear in contrary motion at two locations on the skin, 6mm apart. Such contrary motion is a feature of organ-related information, reflected at acupoints. While swallowing, the subject held his breath, yet the waves were still present in the right ST-21 impedance plot, albeit at a greatly reduced amplitude (reduced from 15 to 2Ω). EXPERIMENT 1 However, to rule out respiratory artefact, the impedance at right ST-21 was monitored again while Subject A held his breath. Fig.1 shows that the duodenal waves continued while the subject was not breathing. But further, the wavelength was 2.85 s ±0.92, while the subject’s breathing cycle was 4.1 s, all of which rules out respiratory artefact. It is also notable that the duodenal waves were not diminished this time when the subject drank the (now warm) water, which suggests that this effect in the main experiment was due to the effect of the chilled water on the stomach. EXPERIMENT 2 On 17 May 2018, the same experiment was conducted on Subject B. Figure 2 shows the impedance readings at right ST-21 and ST-19. The duodenal waves continued while holding his breath, and also while drinking. On Subject B, the wavelength was 3.36 s ±1.53, which equates to 17.86 cpm (compared to 2.95 s ±0.69 and 20.31 cpm in Subject A). This variability between subjects is consistent with the results obtained in other experiments (see the accompanying paper, references 1,4,7,8). Note that the descending trends shown in both Figures 1 and 2 could be interpreted as a gradual diminishing of the stomach function, which might be due to the time of day, since (in Chinese medicine) the digestive function is recognised to peak at 11a.m. Alternatively, the trend may simply indicate that the stomach function is now diminishing after the subjects’ recent snacking; the impedance at ST-36, ST-37 and ST-39 have been found to rise notably in response to eating, and shortly after to decline (see the accompanying paper, reference 4).

本数据集为一篇仍在撰写中的题为《胃与其相关穴位的关联及“智能组织”假说》的论文的补充材料。该论文描述了一项实验：在受试者饮用冷水期间，采集6个胃相关穴位的阻抗值（详见下文相关链接）。在所有监测穴位处，阻抗信号均呈现出似乎与十二指肠收缩对应的波动特征。为验证此类阻抗波动是否为伪迹，本研究开展了以下补充实验。所有穴位的阻抗图谱中均存在“十二指肠相关波动”，就连受试者A的双侧ST-36穴（距离十二指肠起始端约74cm）也不例外，由此可排除十二指肠来源的机械或生物电伪迹。更为关键的是，这些信号呈现反向运动特征。若此类波动源自任何类型的伪迹，则不可能在相距仅6mm的两处皮肤位点呈现反向运动。这种反向运动正是器官相关信息在穴位处的反映特征。受试者在吞咽时屏气，但右侧ST-21穴的阻抗图谱中仍存在此类波动，仅幅度大幅降低（从15Ω降至2Ω）。

实验1 为排除呼吸伪迹，本研究在受试者A屏气期间再次监测其右侧ST-21穴的阻抗信号。图1显示，受试者屏气时十二指肠相关波动依然存在。进一步分析显示，波动波长为2.85s±0.92，而受试者的呼吸周期为4.1s，由此可完全排除呼吸伪迹的可能性。值得注意的是，本次实验中受试者饮用温水时，十二指肠相关波动并未出现减弱，这表明主实验中的相关效应源于冷水对胃部的作用。

实验2 2018年5月17日，本研究对受试者B开展了相同实验。图2展示了右侧ST-21穴与ST-19穴的阻抗读数。受试者屏气及饮水期间，十二指肠相关波动均持续存在。受试者B的波动波长为3.36s±1.53，对应17.86次/分钟（受试者A的波长为2.95s±0.69，对应20.31次/分钟）。受试者间的这种差异与其他实验的结果一致（详见随附论文，参考文献1、4、7、8）。

需注意的是，图1与图2中均呈现的下降趋势可被解读为胃部功能的逐渐减弱，其成因可能与时间有关——中医理论认为消化功能在上午11时达到峰值。此外，该趋势也可能仅反映受试者在近期进食后胃部功能的自然回落：已有研究发现，ST-36、ST-37与ST-39穴的阻抗值会在进食后显著升高，并在短时间内回落（详见随附论文，参考文献4）。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一项补充实验，旨在验证穴位阻抗波是否由十二指肠活动引起，而非伪影。通过两个实验，数据集排除了机械、生物电和呼吸伪影，并展示了不同受试者之间的变异性，支持胃与穴位之间存在通信的假设。数据与中医理论相关，如消化功能的时间变化，并强调了实验设计的严谨性。