National Agricultural Sample Census Pilot (Private Farmer) Crop 2007 - Nigeria

Abstract
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The programme for the World Census of Agriculture 2000 is the eighth in the series for promoting a global approach to agricultural census taking. The first and second programmes were sponsored by the International Institute for Agriculture (IITA) in 1930 and 1940. Subsequent ones up to 1990 were promoted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO). FAO recommends that each country should conduct at least one agricultural census in each census programme decade and its programme for the World Census of Agriculture 2000 for instance corresponds to agricultural census to be undertaken during the decade 1996 to 2005. Many countries do not have sufficient resources for conducting an agricultural census. It therefore became an acceptable practice since 1960 to conduct agricultural census on sample basis for those countries lacking the resources required for a complete enumeration.

In Nigeria's case, a combination of complete enumeration and sample enumeration is adopted whereby the rural (peasant) holdings are covered on sample basis while the modern holdings are covered on complete enumeration. The project named “National Agricultural Sample Census” derives from this practice. Nigeria through the National Agricultural Sample Census (NASC) participated in the 1970's, 1980's, 1990's programmes of the World Census of Agriculture. Nigeria failed to conduct the Agricultural Census in 2003/2004 because of lack of funding. The NBS regular annual agriculture surveys since 1996 had been epileptic and many years of backlog of data set are still unprocessed. The baseline agricultural data is yet to be updated while the annual regular surveys suffered set back. There is an urgent need by the governments (Federal, State, LGA), sector agencies, FAO and other International Organizations to come together to undertake the agricultural census exercise which is long overdue. The conduct of 2006/2008 National Agricultural Sample Census Survey is now on course with the pilot exercise carried out in the third quarter of 2007.

The National Agricultural Sample Census (NASC) 2006/08 is imperative to the strengthening of the weak agricultural data in Nigeria. The project is phased into three sub-projects for ease of implementation; the Pilot Survey, Modern Agricultural Holding and the Main Census. It commenced in the third quarter of 2006 and to terminate in the first quarter of 2008. The pilot survey was implemented collaboratively by National Bureau of Statistics.

The main objective of the pilot survey was to test the adequacy of the survey instruments, equipments and administration of questionnaires, data processing arrangement and report writing. The pilot survey conducted in July 2007 covered the two NBS survey system-the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) and National Integrated Survey of Establishment (NISE). The survey instruments were designed to be applied using the two survey systems while the use of Geographic Positioning System (GPS) was introduced as additional new tool for implementing the project.

The Stakeholders workshop held at Kaduna on 21st-23rd May 2007 was one of the initial bench marks for the take off of the pilot survey. The pilot survey implementation started with the first level training (training of trainers) at the NBS headquarters between 13th - 15th June 2007. The second level training for all levels of field personnels was implemented at headquarters of the twelve (12) concerned states between 2nd - 6th July 2007. The field work of the pilot survey commenced on the 9th July and ended on the 13th of July 07. The IMPS and SPSS were the statistical packages used to develop the data entry programme.

Geographic coverage
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State

Analysis unit
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Household crop farmers

Universe
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Crop farming household

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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The survey was carried out in 12 states falling under 6 geo-political zones.
2 states were covered in each geo-political zone.
2 local government areas per selected state were studied.
2 Rural enumeration areas per local government area were covered and
4 Crop farming housing units were systematically selected and canvassed .

Sampling deviation
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No deviation

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The NASC crop questionnaire was divided into the following sections:
- Holding identification
- Holding characteristics
- Access to land
- Access to credit and funds used
- Production input utilization, quantity and cost
- Sources of inputs/equipment
- Area harvested
- Agric machinery
- Production
- Farm expenditure
- Processing facilities
- Storage facilities
- Employment in agric.
- Farm expenditure
- Sales
- Consumption
- Market channels
- Livestock farming
- Fish farming

Cleaning operations
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The data processing and analysis plan involved five main stages: training of data processing staff; manual editing and coding; development of data entry programme; data entry and editing and tabulation.
Census and Surveys Processing System (CSPro) software were used for data entry, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and CSPro for editing and a combination of SPSS, Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) and EXCEL for table generation.
The subject-matter specialists and computer personnel from the NBS and CBN implemented the data processing work. Tabulation Plans were equally developed by these officers for their areas and topics covered in the three-survey system used for the exercise.
The data editing is in 2 phases namely manual editing before the data entry were done. This involved using editors at the various zones to manually edit and ensure consistency in the information on the questionnaire. The second editing is the computer editing, this is the cleaning of the already entered data.
The completed questionnaires were collected and edited manually
(a) Office editing and coding were done by the editor using visual control of the questionnaire before data entry
(b) Cspro was used to design the data entry template provided as external resource
(c) Ten operator plus two suppervissor and two progammer were used
(d) Ten machines were used for data entry
(e) After data entry data entry supervisor runs fequency on each section to see that all the questionnaire were enterd

Response rate
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The response rate at EA level was 100 percent, while 98.44 percent was achieved at crop farming housing units level

Sampling error estimates
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No computation of sampling error

Data appraisal
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The Quality Control measures were carried out during the survey, essentially to ensure quality of data.
There were two levels of supervision involving the supervisors at the first level, NBS State Officers and Zonal Controllers at second level and finally the NBS Headquarters staff constituting the second level supervision.

摘要
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世界农业普查2000年计划是该系列计划中的第八次，旨在推广全球农业普查的全球方法。该系列计划的第一和第二次计划于1930年和1940年由国际农业研究所（IITA）赞助。从1990年起的后续计划由联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）推广。FAO建议每个国家在每个普查计划十年中至少进行一次农业普查，例如，2000年世界农业普查计划对应于1996年至2005年期间进行的农业普查。许多国家缺乏进行农业普查的资源。因此，自1960年起，对于缺乏全面普查所需资源的国家，开展基于样本的农业普查已成为一种可接受的做法。

在尼日利亚的情况下，采用了一种结合全面普查和样本普查的方法，即农村（农民）土地采用样本普查，而现代土地采用全面普查。名为“国家农业样本普查”的项目即源于此做法。尼日利亚通过国家农业样本普查（NASC）参与了20世纪70年代、80年代和90年代的农业普查计划。由于缺乏资金，尼日利亚未能于2003/2004年进行农业普查。自1996年以来，国家统计局的常规年度农业调查一直处于不稳定状态，许多年的数据集仍然未处理。基础农业数据尚未更新，而年度常规调查也遭受了挫折。政府（联邦、州、地方政府）、行业机构、FAO和其他国际组织迫切需要团结起来，开展这项长期延误的农业普查。2006/2008年国家农业样本普查调查现在正在进行中，试点工作于2007年第三季度实施。

2006/08年国家农业样本普查对加强尼日利亚薄弱的农业数据至关重要。该项目分为三个子项目以利于实施；试点调查、现代化农业持有地和主要普查。该项目始于2006年第三季度，并于2008年第一季度结束。试点调查由国家统计局协同实施。

试点调查的主要目标是测试调查工具、设备、问卷管理、数据处理安排和报告撰写的充分性。2007年7月进行的试点调查涵盖了国家统计局的两个调查系统——国家综合家庭调查（NISH）和国家综合企业调查（NISE）。调查工具的设计旨在使用这两个调查系统，同时引入地理定位系统（GPS）作为实施项目的额外新工具。

2007年5月21日至23日在卡杜纳举行的利益相关者研讨会是试点调查启动的初始基准之一。试点调查的实施始于2007年6月13日至15日在国家统计局总部进行的第一级培训（培训师培训）。第二级培训针对所有级别的现场人员，于2007年7月2日至6日在十二个相关州的总部实施。试点调查的现场工作于2007年7月9日开始，并于7月13日结束。IMPS和SPSS被用于开发数据录入程序。

地理覆盖范围
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州

分析单元
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家庭作物农民

总体
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作物种植家庭

数据类型
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普查/枚举数据 [cen]

抽样程序
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调查在12个州进行，这些州属于6个地理政治区。每个地理政治区覆盖2个州。每个选定的州研究2个地方政府区域。每个地方政府区域覆盖2个农村普查区域，并系统性地选择了4个作物种植住房单元进行调查。

抽样偏差
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无偏差

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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国家农业样本普查（NASC）作物问卷分为以下部分：
- 持有地识别
- 持有地特征
- 土地获取
- 资金和信贷获取
- 生产投入利用、数量和成本
- 输入/设备来源
- 收获面积
- 农业机械
- 生产
- 农场支出
- 加工设施
- 储存设施
- 农业就业
- 农场支出
- 销售
- 消费
- 市场渠道
- 畜牧业
- 渔业

数据清理操作
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数据处理和分析计划包括五个主要阶段：数据处理人员培训；手工编辑和编码；开发数据录入程序；数据录入和编辑以及制表。
国家统计局（NBS）和中央银行（CBN）的专题专家和计算机人员实施了数据处理工作。表格计划也由这些官员根据三个用于该活动的调查系统所覆盖的区域和主题制定。
数据编辑分为两个阶段，即数据录入之前的手工编辑。这涉及使用各个地区的编辑人员手动编辑，以确保问卷上信息的统一性。第二次编辑是计算机编辑，这是对已录入数据的清理。
完成后的问卷被收集并手动编辑
(a) 在数据录入之前，编辑人员使用视觉控制问卷进行办公室编辑和编码
(b) Cspro用于设计提供的外部资源的数据录入模板
(c) 使用了10名操作员、2名监督员和2名程序员
(d) 使用了10台机器进行数据录入
(e) 数据录入后，数据录入监督员对每个部分进行频率分析，以确保所有问卷都已录入

响应率
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在EA级别，响应率为100％，而在作物种植住房单元级别达到了98.44％

抽样误差估计
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未计算抽样误差

数据评估
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在调查期间实施了质量控制措施，主要是为了确保数据质量。存在两个级别的监督，包括第一级监督员，国家统计局州官员和区域控制员，以及第二级监督员，即国家统计局总部工作人员。