Oxidative, epigenetic changes and fermentation processes in the intestine of rats fed high‑fat diets supplemented with various chromium forms

Final body mass, dietary intake, and small intestinal and caecal parameters of rats fed experimental diets. Immune status parameters of the ileal tissue of rats fed experimental diets. Oxidative and epigenetic DNA damage and activity of repair enzymes in ileal tissues of rats fed experimental diets. Faecal extracellular bacterial β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activity throughout the feeding period in rats fed experimental diets. Extracellular activity of bacterial enzymes in the caecal digesta of rats fed experimental diets. Concentration and profile of short-chain fatty acids in the caecal digesta of rats fed experimental diets. Data were obtained during an in vivo experiment on rats. The rats received a pharmacologically relevant dose 0.3 mg Cr/kg body weight in form of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium (III)-methionine (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NPs).