Exploring the Mechanisms Underlying the Behavioral Abnormalities Induced by Deltamethrin in Mice through the Gut-Brain Axis

DM exposure induces gut microbiota imbalance in mice, leading to increased pathogenic bacteria and decreased beneficial bacteria populations. This, in turn, leads to changes in the metabolic output of the gut microbiota, such as elevated LPS levels, which stimulate and activate the TLR-4 signaling pathway, inciting intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. Consequently, LPS enters the bloodstream and reaches the brain, triggering neuroinflammation. Additionally, the gut microbiota participates in modulating neurotransmitter metabolism, affecting the excitability of the nervous system. Current understanding of DM's impact on the central nervous system is limited. Our study provides preliminary evidence that DM-induced gut microbiota imbalance contributes to the development of depression-like behavior via immune and neurotransmitter pathways, offering novel insights into DM's toxic mechanism.