NCAR Particle Probes IMPACTS

The NCAR Particle Probes IMPACTS dataset consists of data collected from six instruments on the NASA P-3 aircraft, the SPEC Hawkeye Cloud Particle Imager (CPI), the Hawkeye Fast Cloud Droplet Probe (FastCDP), the Hawkeye Two-Dimensional Stereo Probe (Hawkeye2D-S), the SPEC Two-Dimensional Stereo probe (2D-S), and two SPEC High Volume Precipitation Spectrometers (HVPS3). The 2D-S and HVPS3 are two-dimensional optical array probes that record images of particles that travel through their sampling area. The recorded images are then analyzed to produce particle size distributions from 20 microns to 3 centimeters in diameter. The FastCDP is a forward scattering instrument designed to measure the size and concentration of cloud droplets between 2 and 50 microns in diameter. The CPI is a high-resolution imager with a 256-level color depth. No particle concentration estimates have been attempted with the CPI. These data were collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign, a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S. Atlantic coast. IMPACTS aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to advance prediction capabilities significantly. Data files are available in netCDF-4 format, as well as browse imagery available in PNG format, from January 18, 2020, through February 26, 2020, and January 14, 2022 through February 28, 2023.

美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）粒子探头IMPACTS数据集，汇集了NASA P-3飞机上六种仪器的采集数据，包括SPEC鹰眼云粒子成像仪（CPI）、鹰眼快速云滴探头（FastCDP）、鹰眼二维立体探头（Hawkeye2D-S）、SPEC二维立体探头（2D-S）以及两台SPEC高量级降水光谱仪（HVPS3）。其中，2D-S和HVPS3为二维光学阵列探头，用于记录穿越采样区域的粒子图像。随后，对这些图像进行分析，以生成直径从20微米至3厘米的粒子尺寸分布。FastCDP是一种正向散射仪器，旨在测量直径在2至50微米之间的云滴的大小和浓度。CPI则是一款具有256级色彩深度的超高分辨率成像仪，尚未尝试使用CPI进行粒子浓度估计。这些数据是在针对大西洋沿岸威胁性暴风雪的微物理和降水调查（IMPACTS）现场活动中收集的，该活动为为期三年的冬季部署序列，旨在研究美国大西洋沿岸的暴风雪。IMPACTS的目标包括：（1）提供对理解雪带形成、组织和演化的机制至关重要的观测数据；（2）考察雪粒子的微物理特征及其可能的增长机制在雪带间的变化；（3）提高降雪遥感解释和建模能力，以显著提升预测能力。数据文件以netCDF-4格式提供，同时提供可供浏览的PNG格式图像，时间跨度从2020年1月18日至2020年2月26日，以及2022年1月14日至2023年2月28日。