Pearson’s correlations (r) and p values for R. pomonella.

Results show that the climate variables were correlated with each other. Tmin_wt = winter mean minimum temperature, DD5_wt = winter degree-days below 5°C, FFP = frost free period, Host = host plant abundance, Elev. = elevation, D = developed, S.S. = shrub-scrub, G.H. = grassland-herbaceous, P.H. = pasture-hay, C.C. = cultivated crops, Forest = evergreen, deciduous, and mixed forests, and W = wetland. Barren land and open water land-cover categories, which were both non-correlated and not included in the analysis, are not shown here due to space limitations. Complete descriptions of climate and land-cover variables are presented in S1 and S2 Appendices.