Calcium isotopes and thermodynamic calculations decipher fluorite mineralization in hydrothermal systems

The supplementary materials include comprehensive analytical data and methodological details supporting the research on fluorite mineralization mechanisms. These materials feature Figures S1 (geological maps of Chinese fluorite deposits), S2 (aluminous mineral assemblages), and S3 (Nd-Sr isotope correlation). The Supplementary Methods outline the precise protocols for fluorite purification, Ca-Sr-Sm-Nd isotope analyses and trace/REE elements determinations. Tables S1−S19 present characteristics of global fluorite deposits (S1), Ca isotopic compositions (S2 andS3), Sr, Sm and Nd isotopic compositions (S4 and S5), extensive thermodynamic calculations of fluorite solubility under varying chemical systems (e.g., HCl, AlCl3, MgCl2, NaCl, CaCl2, SiO2; S6−S15), multicomponent system simulations (S16 and S17), fluid inclusion results (S18), and trace/REE element concentrations (S19).