Enterprise Survey 2007 - Mozambique

Abstract
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The Mozambique Enterprise Survey was conducted between January and December 2007. Data from 599 establishments in private manufacturing and services sectors were analyzed. The sample included enterprises with more than four employees (479 companies) as well as micro firms, establishments with less than 5 workers, (120 observations).

The objective of Enterprise Surveys is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through face-to-face interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Mozambique Enterprise Survey 2007 includes enterprises with more than four employees as well as micro establishments, firms with less than five workers. There are 120 micro establishments in the sample.

The sample for countries participating in Enterprise Surveys is stratified by industry, firm size, and geographic region.

For stratification by industry, the main manufacturing sectors in each country in terms of value added, number of firms, and contribution to employment are selected. The retail trade sector is also included in all countries as a representative of the services sector, and depending on the size of the economy, the information technology (IT) sector is included. The rest of the universe is included in a residual stratum.

Size stratification for enterprises with more than 4 workers is defined the following way: small establishments (5 to 19 employees), medium establishments (20 to 99 employees), and large establishments (more than 99 employees).

Regional stratification includes the main economic regions in each country.

Through this methodology estimates for the different stratification levels can be calculated on a separate basis while at the same time inferences can be made for the economy as a whole, weighting individual observations by corresponding sample weights. Sample sizes for each stratification level are defined ensuring a minimum precision level of 7.5% with 95% confidence intervals for estimates with population proportions.

For more technical details on the sampling strategy, please review "Sampling Methodology" in "Technical Documents" folder.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Micro Establishments Questionnaire (for establishments with 1 to 4 employees)
- Combined Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, registration, and performance measures. The questionnaire also assesses the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

摘要
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莫桑比克企业调查于2007年1月至12月间进行。对来自私营制造业和服务业领域的599家企业的数据进行了一项分析。样本包括拥有超过四名员工的企业（479家公司）以及微型企业，即拥有少于5名工人的企业（120个观察值）。
企业调查的目的是收集客户国家企业的反馈，了解私营部门的状况，并有助于构建企业数据面板，以便跟踪随着时间的推移的商业环境变化，从而允许进行例如改革影响的评估。通过面对面访谈制造业和服务业企业，调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计显著性的、可比的各国商业环境指标。
标准的企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新与技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题则评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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本研究的初级抽样单位是机构。机构是指进行商业活动和工业操作或提供服务的地方。一个公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够自行做出财务决策，并拥有与公司分开的独立财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理权和对其工资单的控制权。
总体
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企业调查涵盖的总体或整个范围是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类的所有制造业部门（D组）、建筑业部门（F组）、服务业部门（G组和H组），以及运输、仓储和通信部门（I组）。请注意，此人口定义不包括以下部门：金融中介（J组）、房地产和租赁活动（K组，除72个子部门IT外，IT已被纳入研究总体），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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2007年莫桑比克企业调查包括拥有超过四名员工的企业以及微型企业，即拥有少于五名工人的企业。样本中有120个微型企业。
参与企业调查的国家的样本按行业、企业规模和地理区域进行分层。
按行业分层时，根据增值、公司数量和就业贡献，选择了每个国家的主要制造业部门。零售贸易部门也包含在所有国家中，作为服务业部门的代表，并且根据经济规模，信息技术（IT）部门也包含在内。其余的总体包含在一个剩余层中。
对于拥有超过4名员工的企业，企业规模分层如下：小型企业（5至19名员工）、中型企业（20至99名员工）和大型企业（超过99名员工）。
区域分层包括每个国家的主要经济区域。
通过这种方法，可以在单独的基础上计算不同分层级别的估计值，同时还可以对整个经济做出推断，通过相应的样本权重对单个观测值进行加权。每个分层级别的样本大小被定义为确保估计值的总体比例的95%置信区间具有至少7.5%的最低精确度。
有关抽样策略的更多技术细节，请参阅“技术文件”文件夹中的“抽样方法论”。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具包括以下内容：
- 核心问卷+制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷+零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 微型企业问卷（针对拥有1至4名员工的企业）
- 综合问卷。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全球所有企业提出的问题。还有另外两种调查工具——“核心问卷+制造业模块”和“核心问卷+零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以避免向特定类型的企业提出无关问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了跨国家提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含针对特定国家的相关问题。定制的例子包括在某些国家当旅游业是现有或潜在的经济增长部门时，会询问与旅游业相关的问题。
调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新与技术、注册以及绩效指标。问卷还评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。