Cox regression according to hospital volume and surgeon volume (n = 11677).

*p value for adjusted hazard ratios in Cox regression model.†Cutoff point for hospital 65 cases for female breast cancer; 61 cases for colorectal cancer; 62 cases for lung cancer; 41 cases for prostate cancer; and 78 cases for head and neck cancer.‡Cutoff point for surgeon volume: 15 cases for female breast cancer; 14 cases for colorectal cancer; 6 cases for lung cancer; 8 cases for prostate cancer; and 9 cases for head and neck cancer.**Adjusted for patients’ age, gender, socioeconomic status, urbanization and region of residence, Charlson Comorbidity Index Score, and adjuvant therapy.