Simulated Rainfall Impact on Forest and Cropland Soils: Properties, Runoff, and Sediment Data from Northeast China

This dataset presents the results of a controlled rainfall simulation experiment designed to investigate how land-use types (forest vs. cropland) influence soil structural properties, runoff generation, and sediment yield under varying rainfall intensities. The study was conducted in Northeast China within the context of the Grain for Green Project (GFGP), a major ecological restoration program converting sloped cropland into forest to mitigate soil erosion.