中国沿海脊尾白虾种群遗传多样性和种群结构分析

脊尾白对虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）是一种重要的商业虾类，自然分布于中国沿海。为了评估其遗传多样性水平，研究人员使用微卫星标记对来自中国七个不同地理区域的 268 个个体进行了分析。从等位基因多样性来看，连云港和宁海的脊尾白虾种群表现出较高的遗传多样性，其他五个种群（丹东、滨州、海阳、南通、广州）表现出中等水平的遗传多样性。Fst的成对比较表明，这7个种群的遗传分化水平较低，其中广州与滨州之间的遗传距离最远。系统进化分析和 STRUCTURE 分析表明，这七个种群可分为三个群，这与它们的地理位置相一致。这项研究为脊尾白虾的遗传改良和可持续利用提供了信息，也有助于制定适当的脊尾白虾保护策略。

Exopalaemon carinicauda is an important commercial shrimp species naturally distributed along the coast of China. To assess its genetic diversity, researchers analyzed 268 individuals collected from seven distinct geographic regions across China using microsatellite markers. In terms of allelic diversity, the populations of Exopalaemon carinicauda from Lianyungang and Ninghai exhibited relatively high genetic diversity, while the other five populations (Dandong, Binzhou, Haiyang, Nantong, and Guangzhou) showed moderate levels of genetic diversity. Pairwise Fst comparisons revealed low levels of genetic differentiation among the seven populations, with the greatest genetic distance observed between the Guangzhou and Binzhou populations. Phylogenetic analysis and STRUCTURE analysis indicated that the seven populations could be divided into three clusters consistent with their geographic distributions. This study provides valuable insights for the genetic improvement and sustainable utilization of Exopalaemon carinicauda, and also facilitates the development of appropriate conservation strategies for this shrimp species.