Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Healthcare Workers at Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia

Background: Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to healthcare services and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is common among hospital workers. Currently, there is no research on MRSA and its prevalence in Somalia. This study sought to determine the prevalence of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and the susceptibility pattern of healthcare workers’ MRSA isolates.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved nasal swab collection from healthcare workers at Banadir Teaching Hospital. Cefoxitin discs were used to identify methicillin-resistant strains, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer (disc diffusion) method. Based on specialty, e.g., pediatrics, obstetrics, gynecology, laboratory, and intensive care unit (ICU), participants were recruited from different wards. Nasal swabs from 215 participants were inoculated on mannitol salt agar, and yellow colonies were aseptically transferred into blood agar, inoculated on DNase agar, and subjected to catalase, coagulase, and gram staining tests. Next, bacterial suspensions were prepared and aseptically inoculated on Mueller–Hinton agar plates, followed by cefoxitin antibiotic (30 μg) disc testing. Staphylococcus aureus was categorized/interpreted based on the zone diameter (nearest whole millimeter) of the cefoxitin discs. Samples with diameters of ≤21 mm were considered to be MRSA) while those with diameters of ≥22 mm were regarded as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.