Supplementary data for: Maternal testosterone and offspring birth weight: A Mendelian randomization study

Evidence showed maternal androgen levels in both healthy/general population and populations with hyperandrogenic disorders were inversely associated with offspring’s birth weight. We aimed to investigate the causal effect of maternal testosterone levels in general population on offspring’s birth weight and preterm delivery risk using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
We obtained independent genetic instruments from a sex-specific genome wide association study with up to 230,454 females of European descent from UK biobank. Genetic instruments with consistent testosterone effects but no aggregate effect on sex-hormone binding globulin were used to perform the main analysis. Summary-level data of offspring’s birth weight with offspring's genotype adjusted was obtained from a study with 210,406 females of European descent. Summary-level data of preterm delivery was obtained from the FinnGen study (6,736 cases and 116,219 controls).
For outcome of offspring's birth weight, the ...