桦栓孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培

A pure culture strain of a wild fungus from Zhouqu County of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province was obtained by tissue separation method. Morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis confirmed that the fungus was Trametes betulina, and its biological characteristics and domestication cultivation were studied. The results of biological characteristic investigation showed that the optimum carbon source was fructose, and the nitrogen source was yeast powder. The mycelia grew well under pH 6.0 and temperature of 32 ℃. The orthogonal test showed that the main factor affecting mycelial growth was temperature, and pH, nitrogen source and carbon source were secondary. The results of domestication cultivation experiments showed that the best spawn culture medium was: wheat grain 20%, sawdust 70%, bran coat 7%, gypsum 2%, lime 1%. The best expanded cultivation substrate formula was: wheat grain 25%, sawdust 25%, cottonseed hull 20%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 7%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%. After inoculation, fruiting body could be harvested in 26 days under 25 ℃ condition. The total yield of fresh weight was 144.54 g/bag. The antioxidant activity of ultrasonic water extract of cultivated fruiting body increased with the increase of additional quantity of the extract. When the additional quantity of the extract was 5 mg/mL, the DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates were the highest, reaching 95.69% and 71.59%, respectively, while the ABTS+ scavenging rate peaked at 0.25 mg/mL, reaching 98.19%. The results provide a reference for the development and utilization of wild germplasm resource of Trametes betulina in China.