Water contact angle assessment of water repellency of natural wax LbL coatings pre- and post- abrasion

Water contact angle results pre- and post- Martindale abrasion testing of cotton fabrics coated with bilayer of natural wax layer-by-layer water repellent coatings. Two different positively charged constituents were tested, to see if lower-cost zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) performed as effectively as previously tested poly-L-lysine (PLL).

See published article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2026.101223