Identification of gene expression biomarkers in urine for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer. Homo sapiens

Fifty patient urine samples diagnosed as high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) or benign were evaluated for bladder cancer via urine cytology. RNA was isolated and analyzed by microarray to identify a panel of biomarkers differentially expressed in HGUC and benign. Overall design: Total RNA obtained from urine sediments from patients diagnosed with HGUC (n=30) compared with benign (n=20).